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FAMILY STRUCTURE, FUNCTION

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Title: FAMILY STRUCTURE, FUNCTION


1
FAMILY STRUCTURE, FUNCTION PROCESS
  • Week 3

2
(No Transcript)
3
Family Types in Canada (1981-2001)
Ref Vanier Institute Profiling Canadas
Families III
4
Nuclear Family
  • traditional form is husband, wife children with
    clear gender roles father as breadwinner
  • more modern form has dual earners
  • nuclear family is considered norm, but actually
    only 41 of families in Canada are nuclear
    families with children

5
Nuclear Dyad
  • husband, wife, no children 29 of families in
    Canada (1996)
  • Delayed childbearing
  • Voluntarily childless
  • Baby boomers elderly whose children have left
    home

6
Extended Family/ Multigenerational Family
  • three (or more) generations in same household
  • sandwich generation - adult children and
    elderly parents living with them
  • Increases family resources
  • Intergenerational conflict may occur
  • Extended network families live nearby

7
Single-Parent Families
  • 15 of families, most headed by women
  • Creates unique parent-child relationship
  • Problems
  • More likely to be poor
  • Lack of support
  • Custodial conflicts

8
Blended/Stepparent Family
  • his, hers ours (sometimes)
  • Increased security resources for family
  • Potential for conflict
  • Rivalry among children
  • Parenting style differences
  • Interference from non-custodial parent

9
Binuclear Family
  • Children remain part of two households after
    divorce
  • Co-parenting or joint custody
  • Allows shared decision-making
  • Maintains childs contact with both parents
  • May cause conflict between parents

10
Cohabitation Family
  • 13 of Canadian families
  • More accepted than in past
  • Much like nuclear family, except
  • Relationship may be less stable
  • Legal problems related to property

11
Gay Lesbian Family
  • Allowed to legally marry in Canada
  • 0.5 of all couples (2001)
  • Form a type of nuclear family
  • Still face social stigma and legal barriers
  • Children from previous relationships, adoption
    or artificial insemination

12
Other Family Types
  • Adoptive families
  • Foster families
  • Communal families
  • Fictive kin (non-related but considered family)
  • Single adult living alone (is this a family?)

13
Structural-Functional Approach
  • Examines the family
  • Holistically (as a unit)
  • In parts (subsystems/dimensions)
  • Interactionally
  • Comprehensive and holistic perspective for family
    assessment

14
Structure
  • How the family is organized
  • Four structural dimensions
  • Role structure
  • Value structure
  • Communication process
  • Power decision-making
  • to be discussed

15
Function
  • What the family does
  • Five family functions
  • Affective function
  • Socialization social placement function
  • Reproductive function
  • Economic function
  • Health care function
  • to be discussed

16
Family Role Structure
  • Role set of behaviours expected of a person in a
    given social position
  • Concepts
  • Role behaviour
  • Role sharing complementary roles
  • Role stress/strain
  • Role conflict

17
Formal Family Roles
  • Explicit roles within the family e.g. father,
    husband
  • Occur in pairs e.g. father/child husband/wife
  • Sets of behaviours associated with roles
  • Role behaviours have become more variable and
    flexible

18
Informal Family Roles
  • Refer to established patterns of behaviour of
    individuals in family functioning
  • Examples
  • Compromiser
  • Dominator
  • Black sheep
  • Family coordinator
  • Go-between

19
Variables Affecting Role Structure
  • Social class income differences
  • Family type
  • Cultural and ethnic differences
  • Family developmental stage
  • Roles models

20
Family Communication Patterns Processes
  • Recall communication theory (Week 2)
  • All behaviour is communication
  • Members of the family may interpret the same
    communication differently
  • Communication involves content and instruction
    (intent of the communication)
  • Communication in families tends to be circular,
    with repeated patterns

21
Functional Communication
  • Communicating clearly and congruently
  • Communicating and acknowledging feelings
    appropriately
  • Non-verbal communication of caring
  • Mutual respect for feelings, thoughts, concerns
  • Ability to resolve conflict
    through
    communication

22
Dysfunctional Communication
  • Unclear transmission /or reception of messages
  • Self-centeredness inability to see family needs
  • Need for everyone to agree no room for
    individual opinion
  • Lack of empathy for others feelings
  • Closed areas of communication taboo subjects

23
Variable Affecting Communication
  • Cultural or ethnic background
  • Family life cycle
  • Gender differences
  • Family type
  • Context/situation
  • Familys unique identity - mini-culture

24
Family Values
  • System of ideas, attitudes and beliefs that bind
    together members of family
  • Learned from family of origin, based on social
    cultural values
  • Stated ideal values may differ from actual
    behaviours
  • Family norms rules are based on the familys
    value system

25
Canadas Core Values
  • Shared community
  • Equality justice
  • Respect for diversity
  • Mutual responsibility
  • Accountability
  • Engaged democracy
  • Source MacKinnon, M.P. (2004). Citizens Values
    and the Canadian Social Architecture Evidence
    from the Citizens Dialogue on Canadas Future.
    Canadian Policy Research Networks.

How do these values compare to Americas Core
Values ? (Friedman, p. 357)
26
Variables Affecting Family Values
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Ethnicity and acculturation
  • Geographical location (urban, rural)
  • Generational differences

27
Nursing Considerations
  • A familys values will influence their health
    care behaviours and attitudes
  • Nurse must be aware of own value system, which
    may be different from client familys values
  • Nurses can use value clarification for themselves
    and with client families

28
Family Socialization Function
  • Lifelong process by which human beings learn to
    adopt the behaviour patterns of the community in
    which they live
  • Children learn from their families, and from
    experiences outside the family
  • Parenting functions have changed over time e.g.
    role of father, working mothers

29
Socialization Processes
  • Influenced by many variables culture,
    economics, family type size
  • Socialization is a dynamic, interactive process
    - characteristics of child and of parents affect
    process
  • Most effective parenting involves both support
    and control
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