HIST 221: THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1865

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HIST 221 THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1865

• FINAL LECTURE 25 SEPTEMBER 11 PAST, PRESENT
  AND FUTURE
• FROM CIVIL TO UNCIVIL WARS, FROM RECONSTRUCTION
  TO GLOBALIZATION

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I. Paths to Armageddon
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A. Barbara Olsen the celebrity
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B. Todd Beamer -- the hero
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C. Jeff Stern -- the lucky commuter...
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D. Margaret Quinn Orloske the unlucky commuter
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E. William J. Mahoney the firefighter
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F. Mohammad Atta -- the terrorist
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II. The Targets

• A. the Twin Towers
• -- urbanized America
• -- corporate America
• -- public/private America
• -- malled America
• -- hi tech America
• -- globalized America
• leisure world

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BUT ALSO

• multicultural America
• social welfare America
• entrepreneurial America
• innovative America

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B. The Pentagon...

• -- Post Cold War America
• -- Imperial America
• -- Fortress America

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III. Why did they do it...
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A. John Lewis Gaddis, And now the Lessons from
the old era to the New One

• unilateralism
• neglecting the cultivation of great power
  relationships
• preference for justice over order (NATO
  Poles, Czchs Hungarians), Kosovars
• inconsistency in pursuing regional justice
• view our economic system as a model
• globalization see strengths not dangers

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B. Charles Hill 4 Myths

• nothing of this sort ever happened before
• we brought this on ourselves
• one mans terrorist is another mans freedom
  fighter
• nothing we do can be effective

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C. Islamic Extremism Democratic Impotence...

• 1. The Rise of the Arab Afghans
• 1970s Yasir Arafat and the rise of Terror as a
  Tool
• 1979 Ayatollah Khomeini and the rise of Islamic
  Fundamentalism
• Osama Bin Laden and Blowback, Bayan, 1996
• 2. American Isolationism, Innocence, Idealism and
  Internationalism

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IV. The attacks... in the planes..

• On the ground

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V. Reaction

• The grief
• The fear -- (Anthrax)
• The anger
• The confusion..
• The search for meaning
• The discovery of community (Middletown, NJ)
• The future... THE CHALLENGE... ..

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SOURCES

• Yossef Bodansky, Bin Laden the Man who Declared
  War on America (New York, 1999, 2001)
• Strobe Talbott and Nayan Chanda, eds., The Age of
  Terror America and the World After September 11
  (New York, 2001) includes the John Lewis Gaddis,
  Charles Hill and Abbas Amanat essays)

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• James F. Hoge, Jr., and Gideon Rose, How Did This
  Happen Terrorism and the New War (New York,
  2001)
• Life, One Nation America Remembers September 11,
  2001 (Boston, 2001)
• Bernard Lewis, The Middle East A Brief History
  of the Last 2000 Years (New York, 1995)