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The%20Industrial%20Age:%20The%20Spirit%20of%20Materialism

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Photography and print-making. Honore Daumier: sufferings of poor and caricatured the powerful ... Tchaikovsky: 1812 Overture, Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The%20Industrial%20Age:%20The%20Spirit%20of%20Materialism


1
The Industrial Age The Spirit of Materialism
2
Materialism
  • The belief that science, technology and industry
    can know all truth, solve all problems and create
    human happiness
  • The Industrial Age 1850-1910

3
Realism
  • Great economic boom fueled by science and
    technology
  • Railroads symbol of progress
  • French Revolution of 1848 (third)
  • Realism sober detachment and practicality
    truthful and objective representation of the
    social world without embellishments
  • Aim depict society as it was

4
Realism in Pictorial Art
  • Courbet enraged Parisians with his portrayal of
    provincial life
  • Ordinary lives and routine events
  • Burial at Ornans caused a scandal
  • Rosa Bonheur The Horse Fair less threatening
    and political
  • Photography and print-making

5
  • Honore Daumier sufferings of poor and
    caricatured the powerful
  • Matthew Brady in the US photographed the cruelty
    of the Civil War
  • Gaspard-Felix Tournachon, aka Nadar, made first
    aerial photographs
  • Winslow Homer (children and drama at sea) and
    Thomas Eakins (influenced by Manet, painted
    rowing, sailors, swimmers) American
    practicality with realist technique

6
The Realist Novel
  • Description of industrial society novel
    (dominant literary form of 19th century)
  • Dickens protest vs. cruelty to children
  • David Copperfield, Oliver Twist
  • Gustave Flaubert Madame Bovary, naïve woman
    overwhelmed by modern world
  • Other works deal with illusion and disillusionment

7
The Spirit of Progress
  • Material and scientific progress
  • Victorians optimistic about science but
    doubtful about the injustices brought about by
    their imperialism

8
Voices of a New Age
  • Charles Darwin nature obeyed laws of progress
    survival of fittest resulted from natural
    selection Origin of the Species
  • Social Darwinism used to justify colonial
    exploitation of Africa and Asia
  • Walt Whitman celebrated the diversity of modern
    human life Leaves of Grass

9
Monuments of Progress
  • Many architectural styles Neoclassic, Gothic
    and Renaissance revivals
  • New The Crystal Palace, of iron and glass,
    built for the Great Exhibition in London, 1851
    (Joseph Paxton)
  • Iron used in bridges, industry
  • Eiffel Tower in Paris tallest building of world
    for forty years

10
The Modern City
  • Cities built from scratch Washington D.C, St.
    Petersburg in Russia, influenced by Versailles
    rational plan and neoclassical style
  • Paris challenge Haussmann, appointed by
    Napoleon III to convert Paris into an imperial
    capital
  • Broad boulevards and plazas, trees, spaciousness

11
  • Architect Louis Sullivan, after Great Chicago
    Fire
  • Designed the modern skyscraper
  • Made possible by the elevator
  • Steel-cage frame
  • Floral decoration in cast iron from Art Nouveau

12
Music and Modernity
  • Opera house in Paris was the centerpiece of the
    city
  • Verdi and Wagner operatic geniuses

13
Verdis Operas
  • Giuseppe Verdi National hero of Italian opera
  • Rigoletto, Il Trovatore, La Traviata
  • Aida opening of the Suez Canal
  • Used Shakespearean characters, intense emotions,
    and comic genius. Otello, Falstaff
  • Emphasized action

14
Wagners Musical Revolution
  • Richard Wagner Flamboyant, arrogant musical
    genius
  • Ludwig II built his dream opera house in
    Bayreuth
  • Had love affairs with wives and daughters of
    patrons and colleagues
  • Extravagant ideas opera as the synthesis of
    myth, music, poetry, drama and painting

15
  • Used Germanic myths and legends
  • Innovations
  • a.orchestra over singing
  • b.Leitmotif (distinct melody associated with
    character or object) as unifying element
  • c. chromatic harmonies used all twelve of the
    tones in a scale dissolved traditional tonality
    and made his music emotional
  • The Ring of the Niebelung four operas (16
    hours) that tell the Nordic gods tales

16
Late Romantic Music and Dance
  • Brahms Disciple of Beethoven last great
    composer
  • Smetana The Moldau
  • Tchaikovsky 1812 Overture, Swan Lake, Sleeping
    Beauty
  • Marius Petipa-- first great choreographer for
    classical ballet

17
Modernity
  • The process by which the new, up-to-date, and the
    contemporary replace the outmoded and
    traditional.
  • Artists turned against modernity
  • Baudelaire and Marllame(French poets)
  • Dostoyevsky (Russian novelist)

18
The Last Romantics
  • Anticipated the coming artistic techniques
  • Poetry enigmatic symbolism
  • Visual Arts plants and designs of Art Nouveau
  • Music Debussy
  • Sculpture Rodins figures

19
Symbolism and Art for Arts Sake
  • Baudelaire his poetry explored connections
    between sordid and sublime erotic
  • Rejected values of industrial society
  • Lart pour lart art parallel to the world in a
    separate universe

20
Art Nouveau
  • Style of decorative art and architecture that
    used floral motifs and stressed unity of
    materials and form
  • Tiffanys colored glass
  • Antonio Gaudi Buildings, churches and parks in
    Barcelona

21
Debussys Musical Impressions
  • His works explored new harmonies
  • Evoke dream-like moods and impressions
  • Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun
  • Discarded conventional harmony

22
Rodin
  • Broke with the commemorative public sculpture
    Bartholdis Statue of Liberty
  • The Gates of Hell from Dantes Inferno
  • Tortured figures
  • The Thinker Dante
  • Balzac was rejected
  • Art was private and subjective

23
Impressionism and Beyond
  • Artists wanted to paint modern life
  • Impressions of the moment
  • Defined new techniques of light, color and visual
    form
  • Precursor Manet Luncheon on the Grass
  • Violated painterly tradition
  • Bar at the Folies-Bergere

24
Monet and the Impressionists
  • Paintings rejected by official Salon
  • 1874 own exhibition
  • Impression Sunrise, St. Lazare Train Station
    Monet
  • Use of light, color, spontaneous technique,
    detachment and innovative design
  • Renoir, Morisot, Degas, Pissarro, Cassatt

25
Morisot
  • View of Paris from the Trocadero
  • Discarded conventional subject
  • Light and motion
  • Open air
  • Did not mix paints before applying them
  • No didactic purpose

26
Renoir
  • More poetic/emotional than Monet
  • Informal mood of city life
  • Le Moulin de la Galette
  • Accidental pattern of yellow straw hats and
    prints of womens dresses
  • Influenced by Michelangelo in his later years

27
Degas/Cassatt
  • Arbitrary framing of his subjects
  • Off-center
  • The Dancer in Green, ballet scene
  • Influenced by Japanese prints
  • Friends with the American Mary Cassatt
  • Flattened perspective
  • The Boating Party

28
Post-Impressionism Seurat
  • Post-Impressionists extended impressionist
    techniques in different directions
  • Seurat closest to Monets pure impressionism
  • Urban life, unmixed colors directly applied
  • Sunday Afternoon on the Island of la Grande Jatte
    pointillism

29
Cezanne
  • Mont Saint-Victoire, in the Mediterranean
  • Explored the essence of reality
  • Reduced objects to their basic geometric pattern
  • Precursor to modern painting, abstract and cubist
    art Picasso

30
Gauguin
  • Wanted to express human feeling, to enter the
    mysterious center of thought.
  • Primitives of Brittany, northwest France
  • Sought unique and picturesque
  • Unnatural colors, heavy lines and flattened
    shapes precursor to surrealism, Dali
  • The Vision after the Sermon, Self-Portrait with
    Halo

31
Van Gogh
  • Early sympathy for the plight of peasants
  • Influenced by impressionists
  • Uses colors to convey strong emotions
  • Starry Night swirling lines convey violent
    energy
  • Vivid colors, paint applied thickly, with knife.
    Influenced by Japanese art
  • Precursor to abstract expressionism

32
The Dark Side of Progress
  • Colonial oppression in Asia and Africa
  • Chekhov and Ibsen explored realms of psychology
    and symbolism
  • Dostoyevsky conflicts between belief and doubt
  • Nietzsche elite race of supermen to rule mass
    society

33
The Realist Theater
  • Chekhov The Three Sisters The Cherry Orchard
  • Ibsen The Wild Duck Hedda Gabler A Dolls
    House

34
The Novel and Modern Philosophy
  • Late 19th century novel focused on inner lives
  • Henry James
  • Edith Wharton
  • Fyodor Dostoyevsky Crime and Punishment The
    Brothers Karamazov The Idiot
  • Nietzsche Thus Spake Zarathustra
  • Anticipated the theories of Freud
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