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Open universities and on-line learning in Asia ---- Issues and approaches

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Asian Association for Open Universities. Open universities ... Govt of India allowed access to Internet and private ISPs joined the bandwagon. (Ramesh Sharma) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Open universities and on-line learning in Asia ---- Issues and approaches


1
Open universities and on-line learning in
Asia---- Issues and approaches
  • LI Yawan Secretary General Asian Association
    for Open Universities

2
Open universities in Asia
  • There are more than
  • 70 dedicated single
  • mode open universities
  • in Asia, among which
  • 38 are AAOU full
  • members.

3
Mission of Asian Open Universities
  • Examining the open universities in Asia, we have
    notified that all of the open universities in
    Asia have the same objectives and missions when
    they started their programs within their
    countries
  • To offer more access through multi-media
    methodology to those who can not enter into
    regular higher education institutions for diploma
    or degree courses.

4
Achievements for Asian open universities
  • Increased number of enrolment for higher
    education institutions
  • Created opportunities for adult learners
  • Enabled learning to be more flexible and
    convenient
  • Promoted regional economic development and social
    stability
  • Improved overall quality of human beings to meet
    challenges
  • Open universities witnessed very successful
    practice in Asia.

5
Case study in China
  • The CRTVUs system a national dedicated distance
    education network in China with 1 CCRTVU and 44
    PRTVUs.
  • CRTVUs has ranked itself in the forefront of the
    mage-universities with its largest number of
    enrolment.
  • Target students primary secondary teachers,
    rural people, military officers and soldiers,
    disabled and minority groups

6
Case study in India
  • A network of 10 open universities with one
    national open university and some state-owned
    open universities
  • Indira Gandhi National Open University
  • It is now the National Resource Center for Open
    and Distance Learning and an Apex body to
    coordinate and monitor distance education system
    throughout the country.

7
Case study in Singapore
  • Open and Distance Learning Programs (ODLP) in
    Singapore are generally targeted at working
    adults who wished to upgrade themselves.
  • ODLP are offered by various foreign universities
    through local private professional institutions,
    business organizations and education-related
    agencies.
  • The Ministry of Education provides seed funding
    for the Open University Degree Program
    administered by the Singapore Institute of
    Management.
  • Other than these traditional approaches to ODL,
    the polytechnics have embarked on the use of the
    Internet to deliver certain courses, both to
    students and working adults. 
  • http//gdenet.idln.or.id/country/ar_singapore/CR_S
    ingapore.htm

8
Case study in Thailand
  • Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University (1978)
  • Since its establishment in 1978, STOU has made a
    significant contribution to the expansion of
    educational opportunities in Thailand. Over two
    million people have studied with the university,
    and the number of bachelors degree graduates has
    recently passed the 300,000 mark. (Prof. Pratya
    Vesarach)

9
Case study in Indonesia
  • Universitas Terbuka established in 1984.
  • UT is open to those interested in pursuing
    further education at tertiary level with 4
    faculties.
  • With the support of UNDP/UNESCO, a network was
    established in 1993, which is called Indonesian
    Distance Education
  • (IDLN).

10
Case study in Korea
  • Korea National Open University (1972)
  • It has playing the leading role in Korean
    educational innovation through a variety of
    learning media and distinctive educational
    methods.
  • KNOU has produced over 300,000 accomplishing
    graduates, and currently approximately 200,000
    students are enrolled.

11
Case study in Sri Lanka
  • The Open University of Sri Lanka became fully
    operative in 1980. It has the same legal and
    academic status as any other national university
    in Sri Lanka. It is the only recognized
    university in Sri Lanka where students are able
    to pursue further education by distance education
    techniques in keeping with the philosophy of Open
    and Distance Learning.

12
Case study in Iran
  • Payame Noor University was founded in 1987.
  • The nature and scale of its operation make PNU
    the most flexible and cost-effective higher
    education institution in Iran. It is also the
    largest state university in terms of student
    number and coverage. 
  • In 2006, the University enrolled about 431,840
    students in 59-degree programs at 257 study
    centers and units. 


13
Case study in Vietnam
  • Hanoi Open University was established in 1993.
  • Hanoi Open University comprises 8 training
    faculties with highly-qualified and experienced
    professors, doctors, masters and scientific
    staff.
  • The annual number of students approximates to
    40.000, around 21 out of which are full-time,
    11 part-time, and 68   distance learners.
  •  

14
New opportunities for ODL in Asia
  • Development of distance education through
    e-learning
  • Governments increasing concern for mass
    education and life-long learning
  • Impact of knowledge-economy on education reform
    and innovation
  • Universities actions in capacity building in the
    transition of educational paradigm to meet social
    demands

15
Innovative practice in China
  • 67 e-colleges formed in conventional universities
  • Strategy focuses on Reviving the
    country---through science and education and
    enlarging the scale of enrolment for higher
    education institutions.
  • National resource center and public learning
    support system is under construction

16
Enrolment Rate for HE, SHS, and JHS in China from
1990 to 2005
17
Graduates Ratio of CRTVUs in the Total Number of
National HEIs
12.01
18
Transmitting system of satellite and
computer-based network
19
Observation in India
  • The Indian educational system again observed a
    paradigm shift in the late 90s when the Govt of
    India allowed access to Internet and private ISPs
    joined the bandwagon. (Ramesh Sharma)
  • 96 institutions is offering distance education
    ----Dr. Siran Mukerji and Purnedu Tripathi
  • India has grasped the opportunity of the 3
    industry revolution and rank itself in the second
    strongest country of information technology the
    world over.

20
New development in Thailand
  • Thailand Cyber University (1999)
  • Develop UnitNet IT infrastructiure, to connect
    every institution
  • Supporting the production of courseware
  • Developing the Learning management system
  • Developing the e-library, e-community and
    learning resource sharing center.
  • STOU is also currently developing an integrated
    e-learning system, presenting further
    possibilities for interactive activities as well
    as offering on-demand access to the universitys
    educational radio and television programs.

21
E-learning in Malaysia
  • Open University Malaysia (2000)
  • University Tun Abdul Razak (1997)
  • The cyber corridor in Malaysia is an encouraging
    development.
  • Asia-Pacific knowledge base was built up in
    Malaysia.

22
E-learning in Singapore
  • Singapore has a very well-established computer
    and communications network covering all
    institutions and households.
  • The polytechnics in Singapore have embarked on
    the use of the Internet to deliver some of their
    courses. These courses are aimed at supplementing
    conventional lectures for full-time students and
    providing continuing education and life-long
    learning for working adults. 

23
E-learning in Korea
  • Since 1997, KNOU has been performing e-learning
    projects as a member of KVC consortium.
  • Seoul Digital University (2000)
  • There are 17 Cyber colleges and universities at
    the moment.
  • Korea has taken a strong approach to e-learning
    and have surpassed Canadas lead on high speed
    broadband implementation.
  • Approximately 76.9 of Koreans have owned PC,
    among which 82.3 can use internet and 57 are
    with broadband equipment. (Data from 2002)

24
E-learning in Sri Lanka
  • Distance Learning is underway with the assistance
    from the International Development Association
    (IDA) of the World Bank. US three million has
    been invested in the special training project in
    ICT. The Government of Sri Lanka contributed US
    one million.
  • In the OUSL, the students may register to virtual
    classroom, and e-forum to receive e-learning.

25
E-learning in Japan
  • GLAD (Gateway to Learning for Ability
    Development)
  • NICER (National Information Center for
    Educational Resources)
  • NIME is planning to prioritize its RD into
    e-Learning . They aim to support e-Learning
    courses at universities and other institutions by
    centralizing all Japanese higher education
    e-Learning services, thereby enhancing
    convenience to students.

26
What else?
  • Distance education is still a new phenomenon in
    the newly transitioned economies like Mongolia,
    Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam. (Dr. Naveed A.
    Malik, et al)
  • Due to reverse economic and social conditions of
    developed countries, countries like Bangladesh
    could not yet establish a reliable e-learning
    system or institution. (Md Shahid Uddin Asbar)

27
Issues in Asian Open Universities
  • Imbalanced infrastructure and educational
    resources
  • Lack of well-designed overall planning and uneven
    development for e-learning
  • Lack in high qualified staff members for
    e-learning support and guidance
  • Less attention for effective application of new
    technologies and resources
  • Lack in joint research on some common issues

28
Measures to be taken
  • Enhance cross-culture exchanges and collaboration
    through seminars, workshops, annual conferences
    and staff exchange schemes
  • Establish knowledge base to share good resources
    and practice
  • Increase awareness of student-focus approach
    within academic circles
  • Encourage innovation and reform in educational
    management and teaching methodology
  • Forge benchmarking and criteria for qualify ODL
  • Encourage bi-lateral and multi-lateral
    cooperation in e-learning resources and
    application

29
Meeting challenges
  • Establishing well-functioned mechanism to
    fulfill education goal
  • Reinforcing traditional ways of organizing
    education by innovative methods and practice
  • Connecting with different learning community
    through e-learning
  • Making on-line learning curriculum to cater for
    economic and market needs
  • Developing long-term strategies for life-long
    learning

30
Perspective of Asian Open Universities
  • All of the OU in Asia will play a more important
    role in their respective countries when life-long
    learning from slogan to reality
  • Closer relationship will form within certain
    areas when knowledge-based resource centers are
    built up
  • Asian Open Universities are catching up with the
    mainstream of international ODL in due time.
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