The Romantic Era

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The Romantic Era
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Romantic Movement

• Romantic movement replaced the Neo-Classical of
  the revolutionary period.
• Concern with feelings
• Rebel against convention
• Love of fantastic and exotic
• Dream worlds
• Search for new sensations
• Wild unpredictability of nature

3
Immanuel Kant (1742 1804)

• Art unites opposite principles
• Reason with imagination
• General with particular
• Art is at the same time useless and yet useful

4
Friedrich Hegel (1770 1831)

• Art provides a synthesis of two opposing ideas.
• Search for a way t combine differences, thus
  allowing the widest variety of experience.

5
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

• Communist Manifesto (1848)
• Plight of the working class transcends all
  national boundaries.
• Industrial Revolution
• Proletariat (working-class) can only achieve
  freedom though revolution.
• Workers of the world, unite! You have nothing
  to lose but your chains!

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Karl Marx on the Arts

• Art can contribute important social and political
  changes, and is thus a determining factor in
  history.
• Capitalism is hostile to artistic development
  because of its obsession with money and profit.
• Realism is the only appropriate artistic style
  for the class struggle and the new state.

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Scientific Developments in the 1800s

• Steam locomotive
• Transcontinental railways completed throughout
  the world
• Erie Canal, Suez Canal
• Telegraph and Transatlantic cable
• Photography
• Pasteur germs, vaccination, sterilization
• Telephone and light bulb
• Oil wells
• dynamite

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Charles Darwin (1809 1882)

• Species are not fixed categories, but are capable
  of variation.
• Natural Selection
• Survival of the fittest.
• Descent of Man
• Man is descended from apes
• Wild religious opposition to Darwins ideas
• Social Darwinism

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The Sonata Form (First Movement) Exposition (A)
Development (B)____ Recapitulation (A)
First theme in Develops material from
First theme restated home key the
exposition in home key Bridge modulates
Modulation to foreign Bridge to
to keys Second theme in
Fragmentation or Second theme
contrasting key manipulation of
transposed to thematic ideas home key
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LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN
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LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN1770-1827THE ROMANTIC GENIUS

• Beethovens father was an alcoholic and violent
  man.
• He began studying music at the age of four
• He moved to Vienna and studied with Haydn and
  Salieri.
• He grew deaf by the age of 30.
• Beethoven always broke the rules of musical
  composition.
• He added a choral component in his 9th Symphony.
• Many people consider the 9th Symphony the
  greatest ever written.
• He composed one opera, Fidelio, in 1805.

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Beethoven is Power, the strangler of fate, who
bowed neither to any man or to lesser gods. With
men who do not believe in me I cannot and will
not associate. - Beethoven His music
reflects the complete emancipation of human
emotion and mind. No composer was more
committed to the struggle of mankind. Bach wrote
for the Glory of God, Mozart because genius must
out, (and because he had to eat), Beethoven to
impose his will on the world. - All quotes
from Goulding text
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Symphony No. 5, 1st Movement Coda Symphony No. 9,
Ode to Joy
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HECTOR BERLIOZ
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HECTOR BERLIOZ 1803-1869

• Romanticism in the spirit of the macabre and
  demonic
• Tells his love for an actress
• Reflects his obsession and his tormented life

IDEE FIXE PROGRAM MUSIC SYMPHONIE FATASTIQUE
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CLAUDE DEBUSSY
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CLAUDE DEBUSSY 1862-1918

• Based on a poem by Mallarme
• Music is more interested in the mood than the
  argument
• The Faun for its time and place was radical

IMPRESSIONISM PRELUDE TO AFTERNOON OF A FAUN
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Richard Wagner (1813 1883)

• Advanced opera form
• Attempted to unite all
  the arts - music, painting,
  poetry, movement-in a
  single work of opera
• Subjects in German
• mythology

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• Ride of the Valkyries

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Romantic Composers

• Frederic Chopin (1810 1849)
• Wrote many piano works
• Love affair with French novelist George Sand
  (Aurore Dupin)
• Early Death from tuberculosis
• Franz Schubert (1797 1828)
• Franz Liszt (1811 1886)

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Romantic Art

• Painters began to abandon neo-classical style for
  more vivid, emotional images.
• Compare the subject Horrors of War (p.289)
• Jacques Louis David The Battle of the Romans and
  the Sabines
• Francisco Goya Execution of the Madrilenos on
  May 3, 1808

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Horrors of War Neoclassical and Romantic
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Francisco Goya (1746-1828)

• Uses intensity of emotion
• Like Beethoven, hatred of tyranny
• Painting as personal comment

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Goya The Family of Charles IV
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Goya Saturn Devouring One of His Sons
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Eugene Delacroix (1798 1863)

• Vastly popular
• Strong advocate of Romantic movement
• Used color to create form, instead of drawing
  first

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Delacroix The Death of Sardanapalus
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Romantic Poetry

• Peak in English literature
• Themes of Romantic poetry
• Relationship between humans and nature
• Passion and demons in life
• Eternal problems of art, life and death
• Emotion recollected in tranquility.
• Poets were
• endowed with more lively sensibility, more
  enthusiasm and tenderness, who have a greater
  knowledge of human nature, and a more
  comprehensive soul than ordinary people.

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Major English Romantics

• Percy Bysshe Shelley married to Mary Shelley
• Lord Byron
• John Keats
• William Wordsworth
• Samuel Taylor Coleridge

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Major American RomanticsThe Transcendentalists

• Ralph Waldo Emerson
• Henry David Thoreau
• Walt Whitman
• Emily Dickinson Womens roles
• http//www.cswnet.com/erin/ed9.htm
• http//www.csmonitor.com/atcsmonitor/specials/poet
  ry/p-102501emily.html
• Nathaniel Hawthorne
• Herman Melville

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The Novel

• Victor Hugo Les Miserables
• Gustave Flaubert Madame Bovary
• Leo Tolstoy War and Peace and Anna Karenina
• Balzac The Human Comedy
• Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities, Great
  Expectations, Oliver Twist
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Faust