Title: The%20underpinning%20and%20crosscutting%20role%20and%20responsibilities%20of%20the%20Instrument%20and%20Methods%20of%20Observation%20Programme%20and%20CIMO%20in%20the%20context%20of%20WIGOS
1The underpinning and crosscutting role and
responsibilities of the Instrument and Methods
of Observation Programme and CIMO in the
context of WIGOS
- Dr. J. NashPresident of CIMO
- TECO-2008, St Petersburg, 27-29 November
2CIMO Mission
- To promote and facilitate international
standardisation and compatibility of
meteorological observing systems used by Members
within the WMO Global Observing System to improve
quality of products and services of Members.
3Aim of CIMO intercomparisons
- To improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of
surface based and upper air observing systems by
exploiting existing national tests and performing
global intercomparisons - To provide recommendations on system performance,
improvements of instruments and methods of
observation, suitable working references to WMO
Members and instrument manufacturers.
4CIMO Strategy
- Support initiatives which by coordinating
collective actions by Members with respect to
observing systems produce results that exceed
what each Member could produce unilaterally to
meet their critical needs - Support capacity building in developing and least
developed countries to close the gap between
them and the developed countries - Support development of new observing equipment,
critical to Members needs, collaborating with
members of HMEI , the scientific community and
other developers to facilitate a production of
reliable instruments that are adequately tested
before use.
5Witness of earlier CIMO activities in Brazil
6Testing problems with early GPS radiosondes,
2001, Brazilian staff advised by CIMO experts
7Preparing for the Future, 2007 In China
8Mauritius ,2005 Mauritius staff trained by WMO
experts
9(No Transcript)
10Laboratory Intercomparison of Rainfall Intensity
(RI) Gauges(De Bilt-Genova-Trappes, Sep04-Sep05)
- Unique results achieved and published
- Error characteristics of 19 RI gauges
- A standardized procedure for laboratory
calibration of catchment type rain gauges - Reference for the field tests/comparisons
- Guidelines for improving the homogeneity of
rainfall time series of high intensity
11LABORATORY SIMULATION OF INTERMITTENT
RAINFALL(Varying duration, same intensity,1-min
resol.)
12Training in methods of observation, Tanzania
13Advanced radiosonde Training for GCOS, Region
III,
14Key Challenges
- Improving sustainability of observing systems
- Integrating remote sensing and in-situ observing
systems - Monitoring in severe weather/climate conditions
- Improving Weather radar calibration and
evaluation of algorithms (QPF) - Development of technical expertise.
15Expected Results, Key Performance Targets for
CIMO 1
- Work of CIMO between 2007 and 2011 is expected to
contribute to the WMO strategic expected result
of - - The Integration of WMO Observing Systems
- CIMO will still contribute to other strategic
expected results, but will not receive direct
funding for this. - Enhanced capabilities of NMHS in developing
countries, particularly least developed countries
, to fulfil their mandates - Enhanced capabilities of Members in multi-hazard
early warning and disaster prevention and
preparedness.
16WMO Integrated Global Observing System Branch
includes Observing Systems Division, Space
Programme Office, GCOS Joint Planning Office,
WIGOS Planning Office
- Observing systems Division OSD includes-
- WWW Global Observing Systems Programme
- Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme
- Marine and Oceanographic observations, data
management and information - Aeronautical observations
17WIGOSa chance to work together to improve the
global observing systems so integration
activities should result in improved
partnerships, e.g. between research and
operations Needs to be a plan of actions or
mechanisms to ensure actions occur, more than
just excellent paperwork.
18WIGOS
- WIGOS will benefit society through enhanced
availability and integration of global weather,
climate and water observations contributed by
constituent systems.
19WIGOS
An observing system for atmospheric, oceanic and
terrestrial (including hydrological and
cryospheric) domains A system that improves WMO
observation management and management structures
and also encourages broadening of governance
frameworks (e.g. inter-agency co-sponsorship of
systems), with other scientific research or
environmental institutions. Increased
interoperability between the various systems with
particular attention given to complementarity
between the space-based and insitu components
To ensure that in broader governance
frameworks, WMO relationships with other
international entities are respected, sustained
and strengthened.
20- The benefits expected from WIGOS for the users of
observations are- - Improved observation services
- Increased quality and access to observations
- More efficient use of resources in managing
observing systems - Better preparedness to incorporate new observing
systems and to interface with non-WMO systems.
21WIGOS Integration Areas
- Three key areas where standards will be applied-
- Measurements and observations, must ensure
component observing systems are functioning
correctly and reporting observations in
accordance with the known sampling and error
characteristics for that type if system - Data exchange, discovery, access and retrieval
- standards imposed by the use of WIS
- End-product quality management, Quality
monitoring needs to be associated with organised
feedback to improve identified problems with
observing systems
22Active management of quality
Measurement standards, Technical and methods of
observation
QMF standards applied in NWP centres or
dedicated Archiving centres
Data exchange and Discovery, Access
and Retrieval standards Suitable for both
real time and research applications
GOS
Interoperable Products to be accessed through
WIS for Weather, Climate And Water For
Analysis, Forecast And warnings
GCOS
GOOS
WIS
GTOS
GAW
Users
23How to transform the concept into an action plan?
- Different types of observing system require
different approaches, e.g. satellites or ground
based observing systems - CIMO activities fundamental to 1st and third
areas and in contributing information to the
Metadata for the second area - Documentation required so that users know how to
link surface and space based observations to
produce interoperable products for each
meteorological variable.
24Example of the upper wind network
- Only functions well if a variety of systems are
used together. - In these examples two insitu systems radiosondes
and aircraft take snapshots over a specified path
for a short time. The characteristic errors of
these two types of measurements are different,
although often of similar magnitude. The atypical
errors that occasionally occur are quite
different for the two systems. - Wind profiler winds are often integrated for 30
minutes over a cross section of avout 1km at 2
km,and 5 km at 10 km. - Weather radar winds are derived around a cone of
wider crosssection, e.g. 7.5 km at 2 km and 5 km
at 20 km, and will be usually sampled over a much
shorter time period than the wind profiler winds.
251km for 12.00 on 06 September 2008
Aircraft winds do not always Agree with
collocated aircraft winds, given real atmospheric
variability Weather radar winds only where it is
raining
265 km for 12.00 on 06 September 2008
275 km for 12.00 on 06 September 2008
Aircraft winds dominate, but there are very few
aircraft in the middle of the night In Europe
28Lower and middle troposphere. Satellite winds
from tracking cloud and water vapour structure.
Sampling is for much deeper layers than the
ground-based systems/aircraft. Comparison with
NWP fields is essential to eliminate false winds,
before values are reported
29Upper troposphere. Satellite winds from tracking
cloud and water vapour structure. Sampling is
for much deeper layers thanThe ground-based
systems/aircraft. Comparison with NWP fields is
essential to eliminate false winds, before
values are reported
30Looking in more details reveals some
suspiciousmeasurements that probably should have
been quality controlled
Poor weather radar winds
31Time series of measurements also allows
identificationof atypical errors
UK weather radar for 6 September 2008
32Time series of measurements also allows
identificationof atypical errors
UK wind profiler for 6 September 2008
33Is this wind profiler functioning correctly with
so many missing winds between 7 and 12 km?
34This looks much better, but engineering tests
have Shown that the antenna needs renewal to
some extent.
Can the satellite winds resolve the strong wind
shear in the vertical seen here?
35Errors estimated from the time series vary from
weekto week, see next slide as well
36Errors estimated from the time series vary from
weekto week, so scattering conditions in the
atmosphere affectthe wind profiler performance.
Periods of poorer performance need to be flagged
to the users, but this does not happen now.
37Some conclusions for upper winds integration
- Uniformity of performance relies on-
- Thorough testing of systems before large scale
deployment - System maintenance regimes that maintain the
performance of the system to the expected levels, -
- quality management that is effective and can
detect anomalies and report them back to the
system operators. - In some cases, monitoring will have to be
performed on the internal functioning of the
observing system as well as on the reported
products. - Detailed evaluation of system performance from
specialized tests and from the various monitoring
methods
38Underpin and crosscut in WIGOS?
- Measurement standards and quality assurance and
management are clearly areas where CIMO should
aim to underpin the integration activities. - The crosscutting comes from the need to liaise
with experts in other Technical Commissions to
deal with a wider range of observing systems,
than has currently been addressed in CIMO
activities.
39- WIGOS has Pilot Projects to test improving
coordination between a variety of Technical
Commissions and also at least 6 national
Demonstration Projects. The results will be used
to establish whether a full scale implementation
of WIGOS will justify the necessary investment. - CIMO needs to support all these Pilot Projects,
and suitable national Demonstration Projects. - Integration of WWW/GOS and GAW into WIGOS
- Integration of AMDAR into WIGOS
- Elaborating the underpinning/crosscutting role
and - responsibilities of the Instruments and
Methods of Observation - Programme in the context of WIGOS.
- Integration of marine meteorological and other
appropriate - oceanic observations into WIGOS
- Initiation of a Global Hydrological network in
the context of - WIGOS
40- This means CIMO should start working now towards
- For all elements of WIGOS respond to the
requirements for standardized and compatible
observations, including data content, quality and
metadata. expansion of CIMO Guide? - Provide advice, studies and recommendations
concerning effective and sustainable use of
instruments and methods of observations,
including quality management procedures such as
methods of testing, calibration and quality
assurance. - Conduct and /or coordinate global and regional
field intercomparisons and performance testing of
instruments and methods of observation. - Promote the development of measurement
traceability to recognized international
standards, including reference instruments and
effective hierarchy of world, regional, national
and lead centres for instrument calibration,
development and testing.
41This means CIMO should start working now towards
- Encourage research and development of new
approaches in the field of instruments and
methods of observation of required variables.
Improve liaison with the scientific research
community and with HMEI - Promote the appropriate and economical production
and use of instruments and methods of observation
with particular attention to the needs of
developing countries. - Promote , integration, inter-calibration,
compatibility, and interoperability between space
based and surface based (insitu and remote
sensing) observations , including conducting
test-bed observing experiments. - Support training and capacity building activities
in the area of instruments and methods of
observation.
42Will the future see the death of WMO support to
conventional instrumentation or
improved Usefulness to all Members? This is our
responsibility
43Questions answers
44Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme
and CIMO
- IMOP is to promote development , documentation,
and the worldwide standardisation of
meteorological and related geophysical and
environmental instruments and instruments and
methods of observation to meet agreed user needs
for data - To ensure the the effective and economic use of
instruments and methods of observation under
varying working conditions and in differing
technical infrastructures by providing technical
standards, guidance material, performance
specifications, technology transfer and training
assistance. - and CIMO is responsible
- For matters relating to international
standardisation and compatibility of instruments
and methods of observation and hence responsible
for the IMOP Programme.
45A new challengeExpected Results, Key Performance
Targets for CIMO 1
- For activities to receive financial support in
future, - WMO Members must see useful outputs from the
activities of CIMO. - I would prefer that the usefulness of CIMO is
measured in terms of outcomes achieved. - An expert team that does not function can no
longer be tolerated. - Outputs must be more than useful discussions
between experts, especially if these discussions
do not represent any progress from the previous
intersessional period.
46WIGOS aims to-Address in the most
cost/effective way all of the WMO Programme
observation requirementsFacilitate access in
real and quasi-real time to all required
information through WIS, both for WMO Programmes
and related international Programmes and
eventually to all usersFacilitate archiving of
the data Assure quality of the data, to
published standardsEnsure Metadata required by
the Programmes is provided through WISEncourage
technological innovation in observing systems,
working with scientific institutions and
instrument manufacturersWork with manufacturers
in testing the next generation observation
instruments