week1

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Agenda

• Class Description
• Advice to students
• What is communication?
• History of our field

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Class Description

• Assignments
• Getting the grade
• Learning by Doing
• No big assignments

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Instructors Advice to Students

• Make your work a matter of pride
• Take ownership of your field
• Become involved in your fields professional
  organizations
• Be willing to keep an open mind and willing to
  change it when data demand it
• Improve your writing

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Advice from Students

• 1. Keep up with the readings
• 2. Get help early
• 3. Let Reinard help you
• 4. Take uppers
• 5. Give Reinard downers

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Agenda

• Class Description
• Advice to students
• What is communication?
• History of our field

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What is Communication

• Not the idea you wanted to get across
• The process by which people exchange and assign
  meaning to messages

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Why are we a distinct field?

• The New Orleans Conference of 1968
• research in speech-communication focuses on the
  ways in which messages link participants during
  interactions

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Agenda

• Class Description
• Advice to students
• What is communication?
• History of our field

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Your Intellectual Birthdays

• 3000 BCE
• Auctor ad Kagemni
• 2675 BCE
• Ptah Hotep Precepts
• 500 BCE
• Corax Rhetoric Techne

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Early Teachers Called Sophists

• Travelled Around
• Charged Tuition

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Early Sophists

• Corax (470 BCE)
• Rhetorike Techne
• The argument from probability
• Protagoras The father of debate
• and others . . . .

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Platos attacks on Communication

• Not an art
• No subject matter of its own
• No concern for the truth
• Not confer power
• Not prevent suffering to innocent
• If it could prevent suffering of innocent, it
  could be used to help the guilty avoid justice

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Plato in Favor of Rhetoric?

• must know the truth
• must know order and arrangement
• must define terms
• must know the soul
• must know style
• writing respected as means of instruction
• must have high moral purpose

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Aristotle

• Faculty of discovering in the particular case
  what are the available means of persuasion
• a branch of ethics
• the counterpart of dialectic

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Canons of Rhetoric

• Invention
• ethos
• 
  pathos
• 
  logos
• Arrangement
• Style
• Delivery
• Memory

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The Roman Tradition

• Worlds first newspaper, Acta Diurna
• Cicero
• Quintilian

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Ciceros Teachings in Communication

• Ciceros exciting life (106-43 BCE)
• Communicators must develop vast knowledge
• Types of style
• Plain
• Middle
• Grand
• Artful Diffidence

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Quintilian

• First public school teacher the Institute of
  Oratory (70-73)
• Vir bonus
• concern for stock issues and organization very
  great
• end of the classical period

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Rise of Christianity

• Many different Christian sects
• Marcions
• Docetists
• Thedotians
• Patripassions
• Martynus
• Gnostics
• Valentinians
• Manichaeians

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Constantine and the Rise of the Dark Ages

• 313 Constantine and Licinius issue the Edict of
  Milan
• The Church outlaws and pagan writings
• The Dark Ages begin

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Rise of Christianity in Europe and Augustines
Christianization of Communication

• Content and Invention Gospels
• Style Letters of Apostles

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Speech and Hearing Science Starts as Charity in
Middle Ages
Slide 1.10
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The Church Starts Universities

• The Church adopts the philosophy of scholasticism
• Students study matters of church doctrine on all
  subjects
• In 1210 and 1215 the Church confronts teachings
  of Aristotle, Cicero and the classics

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Communication as a Core Subject among the Liberal
Arts

• Trivium
• Logic
• Grammar
• Rhetoric
• Quadrivium
• Arithmetic
• Geometry
• Astronomy
• Music

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Communication as a Core Study in the Early
Universities

• Tradition of Tassel Color
• 
  Silver

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The Development of Cheap Paper and the Renaissance

• A Use for the printing press
• Publications in local languages
• Replacement of disputation with the term paper

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Bacon and the Rise of Faculty Psychology in
Communication

• reason --
• 
  --imagination
• will --

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Ramus and the Emasculation of Communication
Studies

• Peter Ramus (1550 )
• Invention and Arrangement go to Logic
• Style and Delivery go to Communication

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Elocutionists and Speech and Hearing Science

• Elocutionists Richard Sherry (1550)
• John Bulwers Chirologia . . . and Chironomia
  (1644)
• Speech and Hearing Science
• Thomas Braidwood founds institute (1760)
• de lEpee founds sign language school

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Colonial Influences

• Campbell (1776) Philosophy of Rhetoric
• purposes enlighten understanding, please
  imagination, move passions, influence will
• perspicuity
• Blair (1783) Lectures on Rhetoric and
• Belles Lettres
• Whately (1828) Elements of Rhetoric
• argumentation, presumptions

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Speech and Hearing Science Gets Linked to Medicine

• Dr. James Rush publishesThe Philosophy of the
  Human Voice (1827)

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Academic Debate Pushes Emergence of thge Field

• Harvards Spy Club founded before the American
  Revolution
• First intercollegiate debate November 29, 1872
  between Northwestern University and Chicago
  University
• First debate tournament in Winfield, Kansas, on
  March 14-16, 1923

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Rise of Communication Departments

• First Masters thesis completed by H. S. Buffum
  at the University of Iowa (1902)
• First Ph.d. awared to Sara Stinchfield-Hawke at
  University of Wisconsin (1922)

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See you next Thursday!