EERI Presentation

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EARTHQUAKEVULNERABILITIES AND PERFORMANCE OF
HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
Leon Kempner Jr Bonneville Power Administration
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ELECTRICAL POWER FACILITIES
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Colima Mexico Earthquake, Jan. 22, 2003
Schiff
LIVE TANK POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Estimated g-level 0.1 0.15g, M7.8
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VULNERABILITIES
TRANSFOMER
Schiff
BushingPorcelain Failure
Radiator Removed Manifold Leakage
Bushing Slippage
Schiff
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TRANSFORMER VULNERABILITIES
Unanchored Transf.
Schiff
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Failed 500 kV Disconnect Switch
Before
After
Duvall 5.4 Mw (1996)
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Satsop 5.9 Mw (1999)
Duvall 5.4 Mw (1996)
Nisqually 6.8 Mw (2001)
Bus Riser Failures 500 kV
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Bus Riser Failure 230 kV
Nisqually 6.8 Mw (2001)
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BATTERIES
Peru 7.8 Mw (1970)
Taiwan 7.3 Mw (1999)
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San Fernando 6.6 Mw (1971)
Pipe Failures
EQE
Taiwan 7.3 Mw , 1999
Engine Generator
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Spare Parts Storage
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TRANSMISSION TOWERS
Niigata, Japan 7.4 Mw (1964)
Ridge Shatter
Liquefaction
Northridge 6.7 MW (1995)
Fault
Turkey Earthquake 7.4 Mw (1999)
Landers 7.4 Mw (1992)
Fault
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Olympia 6.5 M (1965)
Nisqually 6.8 Mw (2001)
Transmission Line Sectionalizing Switch
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RISK REDUCTION SOULTIONS
DETERMINE RISK Identify And Quantify Potential
Losses
IDENTIFY STRATEGIES
Design Strategies
Response Strategies
Business Strategies
Response plan and Materials
ReduceHazard
ReduceVulnerability
Accept Risks
Emergency Operation Centers
Evaluate and Select Optimal Combination of
Strategies
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ReduceVulnerability
NEW EQUIPMENT
EXISTING EQUIPMENT
IEEE 693 Recommended Practice for Seismic Design
of Substations Seismic Qualification
RETROFIT VULNERABLE EQUIPMENT
IEEE 693 Moderate
IEEE 693 High
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INVESTMENT PROTECTION
POWER SYSTEM RECOVERY
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Pad Mounted Transformers
Rail Mounted Transformers
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TransformersMitigation Connection Flexibility
and Bracing
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Mitigation Flexible Bus Riser
Flexible Cable
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Mitigation Adding Flexible Connections
Flexible Conductor

Flexible Conductor

Disconnect Switch
Dead Tank Circuit Breaker
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Power Circuit Breaker Mitigation Adding
Flexible Connections

500 kV Disconnect Switch
500 kV Power Circuit Breaker
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500kV Power Circuit Breaker Mitigation
Mitigation Adding Structural Dampers
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Battery Systems
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Bushing Storage - Seismic Hardening
Hardened
Unanchored
Anchored Spare Transformers
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SYSTEM EARTHQUAKE RISK ASSESSMENT

• System Inventory
• Equipment Fragility
• Scenario Earthquakes
• SERA Results

• Originally developed for Southern California
  Edison (SCE), 1990
• Recently used to evaluate the San Francisco BART
  system
• GE Engineering Systems, Inc. Version

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Purpose of SERA Studies

• What damage might occur to BPA in future
  earthquakes?
• What seismic upgrades are reasonable at
  BPAs substations? How much will it cost?
• What are the benefits? Are the benefits worth
  the cost?
• Training of Staff i.e. Dispatchers

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Eidinger
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Example Scenario Earthquakes

• Puget Sound Scenario Earthquakes
• Seattle Fault M 7.1
• South Whidbey Island M 7.0
• Cascadia Subduction Zone M 9.0
• CSZ Intraplate beneath Tacoma M 7.5

• Portland Scenario Earthquakes
• Portland Hills Fault M 7
• Lackamas Creek M 6.7
• Grant Butte/Damascus M 6.7
• Cascadia Subduction Zone M 9.0
• CSZ Intraplate Allston-Keeler M 7.5

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CSZ INTRAPLATE M 7.5
CSZ M 9.0
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Eidinger
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Inventory
1. 85 substations 2. Inventory based on the
1-line diagrams and field inspection 3.
Approximately 13,000 plus components are modeled
1 component 1 phase 4. Photos of every
component
2004
2008
2007
2005
2006
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2. System Inventory
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3. Equipment Fragility
Bushing Gasket Leak
Radiator
Porcelain Breakage
Anchorage Failure
Overturn
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Eidinger
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Results

• Damage Level at Each Substation
• - Components (No Damage, Partial, Total)
• Transmission Line Outages, based on substation
  damage
• Repair Costs
• Outage Time, based on temporary repairs, 90
  Capacity
• Repair Time, based on final repairs, 100
  Capacity

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South WhIdbey Fault
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LANDSLIDES
www.OregonGeology.com
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LIQUEFACTION
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THE END