Biotechnology: A Primer and Emerging Trends

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Biotechnology A Primer and Emerging Trends
W.E. Bentley April 24, 2002 Engineering
Research Center and Department of Chemical
Engineering University of Maryland, College
Park Center for Agricultural Biotechnology Univer
sity of Maryland Biotechnology Institute
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State of Maryland
Information on MD Biotechnology
Industry www.mdbio.org www.umbi.umd.edu www.erc.u
md.edu
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Maryland Companies - gt 200 (my limited view,
1989) Action Products, Inc. Advanced BioScience
Laboratories, Inc. Atto Instruments, Inc.
Becton Dickinson Microbiology Systems
Biospherics, Inc. Biotechnology Research Labs,
Inc. Cell Trends, Inc. Crop Genetics
International, Inc. Igen, Inc. Instrument
Research Company, Inc. ISP Mineral Products,
Inc. LifeTechnologies/BRL/Gibco, Inc.
Martek Corp. Chesapeake Biologicals OncoImmunin,
Inc. Oncor, Inc. Paragon Biotech, Inc.
PerImmune, Inc. Probiotix, Inc. Proneuron,
Co. Proteinix, Inc. Univax, Inc.
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Maryland Companies - gt 240 (today) Action
Products, Inc. Advanced BioScience Laboratories,
Inc. Atto Instruments, Inc. Becton Dickinson
Microbiology Systems Biospherics, Inc.
Biotechnology Research Labs, Inc. Cambrex,
Inc. Cell Trends, Inc. Celera Genomics,
Inc. Claragen, Inc. EntreMed, Inc. Human
Genome Sciences, Inc. Igen, Inc.
Invitrogen Instrument Research Company, Inc.
ISP Mineral Products, Inc. Kemp
Biotechnologies, Inc.
Magenta, Inc. Martek Corp. MedImmune Inc.
Microbiological Associates Molecular Oncology,
Inc. New Earth Services, Inc. Chesapeake
Biologicals Chesapeake PERL ChitinWorks
USA Oceanix, Inc. Oncologix, Inc. OncoImmunin,
Inc. Paragon Biotech, Inc. PerImmune, Inc.
Probiotix, Inc. Proneuron, Co. Proteinix, Inc.
Qiagen SRCHEM, Inc. .
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Biotech Primer

• Cells Fundamental units of life
• Central Dogma - - Gene, mRNA, Protein, Function
• Industry driven by finding genes, putting them in
  cells and organisms, and making proteins that
  function.
• Maryland industry includes discovery (genomics),
  processing, manufacturing, regulatory, services,
  and reagents among others..

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Eucaryotic cell structure
Nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi
Apparatus Mitochondria
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Central Dogma
nascent protein
polypeptide
DNA
folded protein
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DNA Structure
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RNA Transcription
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Protein Translation
Letters, words, sentences, paragraphs
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Protein Translation Overall Scheme
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Protein Translation Overall Scheme
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Central Dogma
mRNA
ribosomes
nascent protein
polypeptide
DNA
folded protein
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Protein Structure
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(No Transcript)
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A Typical Bioprocess
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Bioprocess Material Energy Balances
Raw Materials
Products
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Technology Trends

• Humans
• Drugs
• Diagnostics
• Gene Therapy
• Tissue Eng.
• Materials
• Animal/Plant/Food
• Defense

Tools ---
omics Genomics Proteomics Metabolomics
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omics
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DNA, Chromosomes
mRNA
Normal
Disease
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Biosensors, medical diagnostics, signal
processing, and imaging
Biosensors
Imaging
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Metabolic engineering small molecules and
macromolecules
Metabolic Engineering is the improvement of
cellular activities by manipulation of enzymatic,
transport, and regulatory functions of the cell
with the use of recombinant DNA technology
Toward a Science of Metabolic Engineering,
J.E. Bailey, Science, 252, 1668, 1991.
Bioreactors
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Plastic plants!
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Understanding metabolism ----
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Biomaterials, biomimetics, and biomolecular
devices
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) - e.g.
Proteome Array
Hollow Fiber Membrane for Artificial Organs
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Tissue Engineering
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New production systems
New biocatalysts
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Industry Trends
Ciba-Geigy Novartis Zeneca
APPLERA APPOINTS KATHY ORDOÑEZ AS PRESIDENT OF
CELERA GENOMICS