Initiative: Application of genomics to develop improved diagnostics and vaccines'

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Initiative Application of genomics to develop
improved diagnostics and vaccines.

• Rank 1st
• ? Rationale Genomics will enable the rational
  development of vaccines and better diagnostic
  targets.
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. Ensuring adequate structural genomics and
  informatics resources in place for the pertinent
  pathogens.
• 2. Ensuring immunological and genomic toolbox and
  populations are available for testing new
  generation of diagnostics and vaccines.
• 3. Prioritize the agents to be studied based on
  economic and public health impact.
• 4. Long-term containment facilities in place.

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Initiative Host genomics as it relates to
animal health and well-being.

• Rank 2nd
• ? Rationale Genomics will enable the
  identification of superior host genetics.
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. Ensuring adequate structural genomics and
  informatics resources in place.
• 2. Ensuring long-term animal populations /
  phenotypes in place.
• 3. Prioritize based on overall economic and
  animal and public health impact.
• 4. Ensuring adequate functional genomics
  resources are in place.

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Initiative Host / pathogen / production
environment interactions.

• Rank 3rd
• ? Rationale Enable better understanding of the
  interactions between the host, various pathogens
  and the production environment.
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. Understanding mechanisms of pathogen-driven
  resistance in the host.
• 2. Mechanisms of innate and adaptive immune
  response.
• 3. Understanding mechanisms of changes in host
  range and tropism.
• 4. Understanding virulence mechanisms including
  host invasion.

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Initiative Leverage developments from the
biomedical genomics communities to apply to
animal agriculture.

• Rank 4th
• ? Rationale Self explanatory.

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Initiative Early detection of emerging diseases
and clarification of syndromes

• Rank 1st
• ? Rationale Need to recognize an unusual event
  for further investigation. Farmers and veterinary
  practitioners need to be aware of how they can
  participate in and benefit from surveillance.
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. Development of support networks for diagnosis
  of novel, unusual or unknown diseases.
• 2. Develop understanding of on-farm human
  behavior and how they are related to seeking
  assistance in diagnostic support.
• 3. Develop Tools to facilitate Ongoing Monitoring
  and surveillance and systems to collect and
  analyze data, including serology and animal-side
  testing.
• 4. Explore approaches for syndromic surveillance
  on farm-level
• 5. Establish computer simulation models for
  disease introduction and spread on farm

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Initiative Validation and cost-benefit analysis
of biological risk management options on
different premises throughout food chain

• Rank 2nd
• ? Rationale Efficacy and practicality of many
  existing and proposed biological risk mitigation
  options are unknown
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. Perform quantitative risk analysis
  (effectiveness and cost) of biological risk
  mitigation measures
• 2. Establish methods for evaluation of biological
  risk mitigation procedures, utilizing
  demonstration farms
• 3. Investigate Infection Control options, e.g.
  Disinfectants, Vx, Tx, etc which are effective?
  which can be used in the mitigation of biological
  risk?
• 4. Extend research to application on farm - do
  they work, are they practical?
• 5. Explore logistics for implementation of
  biological risk mitigation options

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Initiative Establish baseline of existing
disease (baseline health status) with definitive
diagnosis and syndromes to more easily identify
emerging diseases

• Rank 3rd
• ? Rationale Lacking baseline data existing
  data may contain biases and flaws and conclusions
  drawn from these data sets may be erroneous.
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. Identify the flaws and biases in existing
  databases
• 2. Define normal health and disease occurrence
  under a variety of management conditions using
  traditional and advanced technologies
• 3. Refine existing systems for the comprehensive
  collection and interpretation of surveillance
  data
• 4. Explore mechanisms for validation and
  verification of existing surveillance systems
  (farmer diagnosis, private practitioner dx, Dx
  labs, etc.)

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Initiative Participate in ongoing national and
international field validation efforts of
diagnostic tests.

• Rank 4th
• ? Rationale Optimal Test application should be
  based on real-world performance
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. Describe the performance of tests
  (sensitivity, specificity, predictive values )
  under field conditions including varying
  prevalence.
• 2. Identify methods for determining performance
  of tests under field conditions

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Initiative Utilization of animal and premises
ID systems for disease surveillance (Technology
merger Diagnosis and animal/premises
identification)

• Rank 5th
• ? Rationale Animal and premises ID systems are
  being implemented and are underutilized.
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. Support proactive exercises to test our
  ability to identify and track movement of animals
  in the face of an outbreak
• 2. Develop in vivo biosensor technology combined
  with animal and premises ID systems
• 3. Develop database for incorporating traceback
  system as part of animal and premises ID systems

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Initiative VACCINES/IMMUNE PRODUCTS

• Rank 1st
• ? Rationale Vaccine and immune products
  (modulators) offer the potential to augment or
  replace antibiotic use.
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. adaptive immunity (e.g. vaccines..)
• 2. innate immunity (e.g. cytokines,
  antimicrobial peptides..)
• 3. biotherapeutics (e.g. bacteriophage,
  antibodies..)
• 4. delivery technologies

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Initiative MANAGEMENT INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

• Rank 2nd
• ? Rationale Some production systems place
  animals at risk for disease and are associated
  with excessive use of antimicrobials and other
  pharmaceuticals.
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. Determine and quantify factors for disease
  risk (e.g. epidemiology)
• 2. Modulators of stress in production systems
• 3. Biosecurity and biocontainment models
• 4. Nutritional management (pre- and pro-biotics,
  organic acids, essential oils, competive
  exclusion, bacteriophage..)

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Initiative GENETIC RESISTANCE TO DISEASE

• Rank 3rd
• ? Rationale An understanding of genetic
  resistance will improve animal health and may
  reduce potential for disease
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. Identify and characterize risk alleles
  (database, frequency..)
• 2. Innate immunity
• 3. Development of health (genetic) databases

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Initiative EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

• Rank 4th
• ? Rationale Provide mechanism or means to
  respond to new break-throughs in technology
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. antiviral molecules (interfering RNA,
  anti-sense)
• 2. novel delivery systems
• 3. genomic manipulation, transgenic animals

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Initiative Biocontainment, Decontamination/
Cleaning and disinfecting/euthanasia/ carcass
disposal

• Rank 1st
• ? Rationale Essential feature of infectious
  disease control and response to disease outbreaks
  and disasters.
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. Develop practical, effective, economical
  methods of decontaminating facilities and
  transport vehicles that are environmentally
  acceptable
• 2. Develop new and effective techniques to reduce
  pathogen loads (effectiveness of pasteurization
  of milk for calves)
• 3. Develop practical new and effective methods of
  waste management for reducing pathogen loads in
  the environment (such as composting and other
  coproduct development)
• 4. Develop monitoring methods for detecting
  pathogens in the environment

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Initiative Ecology of Disease

• Rank 2nd
• ? Rationale Essential to understanding diseases
  and methods for their control
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. Identify mechanisms of disease transmission to
  enhance or improve predictive epidemiologic
  models.
• 2. research on risk mitigation of wildlife
  livestock interface
• 3. develop new and enhanced methods for vector
  control.
• 4. develop new strategies for disease control
  based on epidemiologic models

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Initiative Environmental control to decrease
animal stress and increase animal comfort.

• Rank 3rd
• ? Rationale Increased animal welfare and
  productivity
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. seek ways to identify and measure stress in
  production environments
• 2. design new and improved animal housing and
  handling methods to reduce stress and optimize
  immunity
• 3. develop transport methods that will reduce
  disease

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Initiative Air and Water Quality

• Rank 4th
• ? Rationale Mitigate the negative impact on
  animal health caused by poor air and water
  quality
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. Develop new biological, nutritional,
  mechanical and chemical methods to control
  pollutants (ammonia, dust, volatile organics).
• 2. Improving temperature, humidity and
  ventiliation control to prevent disease
• 3. Develop technology to better manage waste so
  as to not diminish air and water quality
• 4. Develop monitoring technologies to identify
  problematic areas.

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Initiative Methods to reduce pathogen loads by
enhancing natural environmental capacity

• Rank 5th
• ? Rationale Decrease animal disease through the
  use of natural interventions.
• ? Priorities within Initiative
• 1. Identify beneficial organisms and identify
  methods to enhance their proliferation in the
  environment.
• 2. Identify environmentally safe chemical
  compounds or other means that can be used to
  inactivate prions
• 3. Investigate the use of probiotics to reduce
  the shedding of pathogens in the environment