Navigation Systems

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Navigation Systems
2
Definitions

• Aid to Navigation
• Any device external to a vessel intended to
  assist a navigator in determining their
  position, safe course, or to warn of dangers or
  obstructions to navigation.
• Buoy
• An unmanned, floating aid moored to the seabed.
  They may be lighted or unlighted.

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Definitions

• Beacon
• Fixed aid lighted beacons are lights unlighted
  beacons are daybeacons
• Range
• Pairs of beacons arranged so that when they are
  lined up they indicate the center of a channel

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Definitions

• Daymark
• The daytime identifier of an aid
• Color
• Shape
• Numbers
• Top marks

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Definitions

• IALA
• International Association of Marine Aids to
  Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities
• Divides world into 2 regions
• Region A Most of the World
• Region B North South America, Japan, Korea,
  and the Philippines

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Definitions

• Region A
• Green Odd Triangles
• Red Even Squares
• Region B
• Red Even Triangles
• Green Odd Squares

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US Marking System

• Lateral System
• Employs a simple arrangement of colors, shapes,
  numbers, and light characteristics to show which
  side an aid should be passed when proceeding in
  the Conventional Direction of Buoyage
• 3-Rs
• Red Right Returning (from sea)

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US Marking System

• Starboard Lateral Mark
• Color Red
• Shape Triangles and Nuns
• Character Even Numbers
• Light Red
• Port Lateral Mark
• Color Green
• Shape Squares and Cans
• Character Odd Numbers
• Light Green

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9
10
2
1
7
8
5
6
3
2
3
1
2
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US Marking System

• Preferred Channel Mark
• Marks junctions and bifurcations
• Description
• Color Red Green horizontally banded(uppermost
  band is preferred channel)
• Shape Same as preferred channel
• Character Letter
• Light Same as preferred channel
• Characteristic Gp Fl (21) 6s

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US Marking System

• Safe Water Mark
• Indicates there is navigable water all around the
  mark
• Description
• Color Red and White vertically striped
• Shape Topmark (buoy)
• Octagon (dayboard)
• Character Letter
• Light White
• Characteristic Mo(A)

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US Marking System

• Isolated Danger Mark
• Marks isolated dangers or obstructions that can
  be passed on all sides
• Description
• Color Black and Red horizontally banded
• Shape Various with Topmark
• Character Letter
• Light White
• Characteristic Gp Fl (2) 5s

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US Marking System

• Special Mark
• Indicate special areas (anchorage, traffic
  separation, data gathering)
• Description
• Color Yellow
• Shape Various
• Character Letter
• Light Yellow
• Characteristic Anything not otherwise reserved
• Slow flashing preferred

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US Marking System

• Information and Regulatory Mark
• Alert the mariner to such things as submerged
  pipes, no wake zones, etc.
• Description
• Color White with an orange border
• Shape Various
• Character Words
• Light White
• Characteristic Anything not otherwise reserved

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US Marking System

• Wreck Marker
• Alert the mariner to wrecks
• Description
• Color Appropriate to side of channel
• Shape Appropriate to side of channel
• Character White letters WR followed by numbers
  in sequence with channel
• Light Same color as buoy
• Characteristic Quick Flashing (unless aid is a
  preferred channel marker)

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9
10
2
1
7
8
5
6
3
DANGER
2
3
2
1
A
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US Marking System

• Conventional Direction of Buoyage
• Defines how aids should be passed in areas other
  than channels
• Regions
• Atlantic Coast Southerly
• Gulf Coast North and Westerly
• Pacific Coast Northerly
• Great Lakes North and Westerly(Lake Michigan
  Southerly)

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Conventional Direction of Buoyage
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Intracoastal Waterway System

• Runs from Manasquan, NJ to Brownsville, TX
• ICW aids show distinctive identifying symbols
• Conventional Direction of Buoyage is the same as
  the East and Gulf Coasts
• Identifying Marks
• Starboard Marks Yellow Triangle
• Port Marks Yellow Square
• Non-lateral ICW Mark 2-in Yellow Stripe

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9
10
88
90
2
1
7
8
87
89
6
5
3
DANGER
2
3
N
2
1
A
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Western River System

• The Mississippi River and its tributaries
• Western Rivers differ from the U.S. Marking
  system as follows
• 1. The conventional direction of buoyage is from
  the mouth to head of navigation. Local
  terminology describes aids as Right or Left
  descending bank
• 2. Aids are not numbered or lettered
• 3. Safe water Iso. danger marks are not used

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Western River System

• Left Descending Bank Marks
• Color Red
• Shape Triangle
• Light Red
• Characteristic Group- flashing Characteristics

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Western River System

• Right Descending Bank Marks
• Color Green
• Shape Square
• Light Green
• Characteristic Flashing Characteristics

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Western River System

• Crossing Marks
• Show where traffic is to move from one side of
  the bank to the other. Upbound takes the points,
  Downbound takes the bends.

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Western River System

• Crossing Marks
• Color Red or Green
• Shape Diamond
• Light White(Changed to Red or Green when
  damaged or worn)
• Characteristic
• Right descending bank - single flash - Green or
  White
• Left descending bank - group flashing two - Red
  or White

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Western River System

• Crossing Marks
• On July 03 2001 solid-colored boards should have
  been changed to Non-lateral
• Red Green

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Right descending bank
Left descending bank
Upbound Traffic
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9
10
88
90
2
1
7
8
87
92
89
6
5
91
3
DANGER
2
3
N
2
1
A
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Navigation Systems