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Pharmacology DOR 101

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ACh itself is rarely used clinically because of its rapid hydrolysis in the ... Pilocarpine is commonly used for various purposes in ophthalmology. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Pharmacology DOR 101


1
Pharmacology DOR 101
Abdelkader Ashour, Ph.D. 3rd Lecture, contd.
2
Muscarinic Agonists (Cholinomimetics,
Parasympathomimetics)
  • ACh itself is rarely used clinically because of
    its rapid hydrolysis in the blood by
    pseudocholinesterase and at the cholinergic
    neurons by acetylcholinesterase
  • There are also several other naturally occurring
    muscarinic agonists such as muscarine and
    pilocarpine which are resistant to hydrolysis
  • Pilocarpine is commonly used for various purposes
    in ophthalmology. It is widely used to treat
    glaucoma, topically.
  • Side effect of pilocarpine include
  • increased sweating,
  • asthma worsening,
  • nausea,
  • hypotension, and
  • bradycardia (slow heart rate)

3
Antichloinergic drugs
  • Nonselective Muscarinic Antagonists
  • The classical muscarinic antagonists are derived
    from plants and are nonselective competitive
    antagonists such as atropine
  • Clinically, atropine is used for dilating the
    pupils (for eye examination)
  • Its most widespread current use is in
    pre-anesthetic preparation of patients
  • in this situation, atropine reduces respiratory
    tract secretions and thus facilitates intubation
  • Ipratropium is used by inhalation as a
    bronchodilator
  • Selective Muscarinic Antagonists
  • Pirenzepine shows selectivity for the M1
    muscarinic receptor.
  • Because of the importance of this receptor in
    mediating gastric acid release, M1 antagonists
    such as pirenzepine help patients with ulcer
    disease or gastric acid hyper-secretion

4
Antichloinergic drugs, Atropine
  • Side effects of muscarinic antagonists (such as
    atropine) include
  • constipation,
  • xerostomia (dry mouth),
  • hypohidrosis (decreased sweating),
  • mydriasis (dilated pupils),
  • urinary retention,
  • precipitation of glaucoma,
  • decreased lacrimation,
  • tachycardia
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