Ethics in nursing

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Ethics in nursing
Li Xiaohan
Nursing School China Medical University
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Unit1 Morality and ethics Unit2 Occupational
morality and life ethics Unit3
Nursing morality and nursing ethics
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Unit1 Morality and ethics

1. Morality
2. Ethic and ethics

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1. Morality
1.1 Meaning of morality 1.2 Function of morality
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1.1 Meaning
1.1.1 Definition 1.1.2 Two fields and three
aspects
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Definition of morality
The morality is a social consciousness, which
established based on definite economic
foundation. It is the summation of behavior guide
line (rule) and criterion that adjusts the
relationship between human being and human being,
human being and society, and human being and
naturalness.
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Two fields and three aspects
Two fields

• Moral consciousness field
• Moral activity field

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Moral consciousness field
Moral cognition
Moral affection
Moral conception
Moral ideal
Moral will (volition)
Moral belief
Moral judgment
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Moral activity field

• Moral cultural activities
• Moral educational activities
• Moral evaluation activities
• Moral practical activities

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Three aspects

1. Moral cognition
2. Moral criterion
3. Moral behavior

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1.2 Function of morality
1.2.1 Regulative function 1.2.2 Educational
function 1.2.3 Cognitive function
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2. Ethic and ethics
2.1 Ethic 2.2 Ethics
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Ethic

• Meaning
• Relationship between
• morality and ethic

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Ethics

1. Definition
2. Fundamental problem

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Definition of ethics
Ethics is a science that studies the morality
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Fundamental problem
The relationship between morality and benefit is
the fundamental problem of morality
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Unit 2 Occupational morality and life ethics

1. Occupational morality
2. Life ethics

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1. Occupational morality

1. Definition
2. Characteristics

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Definition
It is the important component of social morality.
It is the summation of moral criterions formed by
persons , who engages in a definite occupation,
in their specific occupational activities and
these moral criterions will be used to guide
their behavior.
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Characteristics

1. Content
2. Format
3. Regulative scope
4. Efficacy

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2. Life ethics

1. Definition
2. Relevant theories
3. Some problems in life ethics

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Definition of life ethics
It is a science that studies human behaviors in
the fields of life science and health care
according to the moral values and moral principles
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Foundation of medical behaviors is to choose
the best value
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Relevant theories

1. Commonweal theory
2. Obligation theory
3. Virtue theory
4. Value theory

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Some problems in life ethics

• Reproductive technique and
• reproduction control
• Organ transportation
• Euthanasia
• Experiment on human body

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(A)Reproductive technique and reproduction control

• Reproductive technique
• Reproduction control
• Dealing with the defective newborn

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Reproductive technique

• Definition
• Elementary forms
• Principles

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Definition
Reproductive technique is a means that uses
artificial techniques and methods to substitute
some steps or whole steps of the natural
reproductive process of human being
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Elementary forms

• Artificial fertilization
• Fertilization out of body
• Asexual reproduction

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Principles

• Biological principle
• Sociological principle

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Reproduction control

• Definition
• Means
• Ethic problem

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Definition
Reproduction control is to interfere human
beings reproductive process by using biological,
medical, social, and legal means to avoid or
terminate pregnancy in order to control the
increase of population and enhance the quality of
population.
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Means

• Conception control
• Sterilization
• Induced abortion

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Ethic problem
a) Whether need to know the inside story and
consent or not b) Attitude toward to fetus and
his/her right for birth
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Dealing with the defective newborn

• Definition
• Target for dealing with
• Related to ethic problem

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(B)Organ transportation

• Definition
• Related to ethic problem

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Definition
Organ transportation is to use a healthy organ to
substitute another being destroyed and be
unable to be treated organ in order to achieve
the goal of certain treatment or save the life of
patients.
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Related to ethic problem

• Donor
• receptor

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Donor
Source of donor (1) Dead person (2) Live
person
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Receptor
Choose of patients
(1) Medical standards (2) Social standards
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Medical standard
(1) Indication (2) Contraindication
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Social standards

1. Age
2. Social value
3. Personal ability to cope

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(C)Euthanasia

• Concept
• Ethic problem

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Concept of euthanasia

1. Basic meaning
2. Forms
3. Methods

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Basic meaning

1. State of death no pain
2. Method of death terminal skill with no pain

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Forms of euthanasia

1. Active euthanasia
2. Passive euthanasia

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Active euthanasia
Medical personnel or other persons adopt some
measures to end patients pain or accelerate the
process of death.
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Passive euthanasia
To stop all medical measures used on patients and
let them die naturally
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Methods of euthanasia

• To give up treatment
• To perform by himself/herself
• To perform by relatives
• To perform directly by medical
• personnel

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Ethic problems

1. Supporter
2. Objector ( opponent )
3. Make a difference between

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(D)Experiment on human body

1. Concept
2. Ethic judgment
3. Moral principles

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Concept of experiment on human body

1. Definition
2. Classification

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Definition of experiment on human body
It is a method in which the researcher does
studies and observations on testee (human being)
under the control of artificial techniques.
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Classification

1. Savageness experiment
2. Auto experiment
3. Experiment with free will
4. Forced experiment

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Ethic judgment

1. Whether the medical experiment should do on the
   human body or not
2. The basis, method, and scope of development of
   experiment on human body
3. To prescribe the ethic criterion and principles
   that experiment on human body should follow.

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Moral principles

1. Principle of medical scientific purpose
2. Principle of being informed consent
3. Principle of maintaining testees benefit
   (interest)
4. Principle of experimental contradistinction

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Unit 3 Nursing morality and
nursing ethics
1. Introduction 2. Basic principles, criterion,
and category 3. Patientsright and obligation
4. Moral culture of nurses
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1. Introduction

1. Concept
2. Studied objects
3. Studied content
4. Particularity

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(1)Concepts

1. Nursing morality
2. Nursing ethics

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Nursing morality
Nursing morality is a summation of behavioral
guild line and criterion that deals with rightly
the relationship between a person and another
person, individual and society during
occupational activities.
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Nursing ethics
Nursing ethics is a new independent science that
studies nursing ethics guided by the essential
principle of general ethics.
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(2)Studied object

• Relationship between nurse
• and patient
• (2) Relationship between nurse
• and other medical personnel

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(3) Relationship between nurse and nursing
science and medical science (4)
Relationship between nurse and society
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(3) Studied contents

• Basic theories of nursing morality
• Criterion of nursing morality
• Culture, education and evaluation
• of nursing morality

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(4) Particularity
(1) Multidimensional (2) Enterprising (3) Good
moral culture (4) Unification between nursing
morality and nursing practice
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2. Basic principles, criterion, and category

1. Basic principles
2. Basic criterion
3. Category

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(1) Basic principles

• Principle of autonomy
• Principle of beneficence
• Principle of harmlessness
• Principle of justice
• Principle of being informed
• consent

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(2) Basic criterion

1. Moral criterion
2. Basic criterion in nursing morality
3. Main representation of criterion in nursing
   morality
4. Concrete prescriptions

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(3) Category
1) Obligation 2) Emotion 3) Conscience 4) Glory
(honor) 5) Utility
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3. Patients right and obligation

1. Patients right
2. Patients obligation

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Patients right

1. Definition
2. Content

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Definition
The patients right is the legal and reasonable
power and interest taken by patients after they
suffer from some diseases.
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Contents of patients right

• Right of taking medical treatment, nursing, heath
  care, and healing.
• Right of cognition on disease and right of being
  informed consent
• 3) Right of choosing freely

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4) Right of keeping secrete 5) Right of
releasing partial social responsibilities and
obligations 6) Right of supervising
accomplishment in medical and nursing rights
and interests
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Patients obligation

1. Self-health care
2. Finding medical assistance and cooperating with
   medical treatment and nursing actively
3. Supporting the development of medical science

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4. Moral culture of nurses

1. Concept
2. Purpose
3. Tasks
4. Significance