Successful Crime Reduction and Prevention Strategies in an Urban Context Comparative Approaches to U

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Successful Crime Reduction and Prevention
Strategies in an Urban ContextComparative
Approaches to Urban Crime Prevention Focusing on
Youth

• Margaret Shaw
• International Centre for the Prevention of Crime
• www.crime-prevention-intl.org
• PNI Workshop April 2007

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• Overview
• What are the main concerns for urban areas
  internationally
• What part do young people play in urban crime
• What are the guiding principles for intervention
• What have we learnt from past and recent
  experience
• Some examples of strategies and projects which
  exemplify these approaches from the North and
  South

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Homicídios no Brasil números absolutos e taxas
por 100 mil habitantes de 1980 a 2003
Fonte Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade
Datasus
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• Challenges of Urbanization
• Rapidly increasing urbanization, growth of
  informal settlements
• Migration and immigration, leading to increasing
  cultural and ethnic minorities in cities
• Increasing disparities of income and access to
  services health and security long-term poverty
  and unemployment
• High proportions of children and young people in
  urban areas - almost half the urban poor
• Children and youth especially vulnerable to
  victimization, exploitation, and offending

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• Challenges for Urban Areas Governments
• Growing crime in urban areas, especially violent
  and organized crime
• Drug trade and traffic in small arms
• Trafficking in human persons, sexual exploitation
  
• Violence against women and girls, minorities.

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• AndFear and insecurity - public pressures to
  respond to crime with repressive measures
• Privatization of policing and public space
  vigilante and mob justice
• Breakdown of traditional family structures,
  cultural values and social networks
• Impact of HIV/AIDS
• Increasing social exclusion of youth at risk and
  minority populations, and use of arbitrary
  justice
• Corruption and lack of public trust in
  government, culture of lawlessness

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• 2002 UN Guidelines for Crime Prevention
• Basic Principles
• Government leadership
• Socio-economic development inclusion,
  cooperation/partnerships
• Sustainability/accountability
• Knowledge base
• Human rights/rule of law/culture of lawfulness
• Interdependency
• Differentiation

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• 11th UN Congress Bangkok 2005
• Workshop on Strategies and best practices in
  crime prevention, in particular in relation to
  urban areas and youth at risk.
• 15 Countries represented Australia, Belgium,
  Brazil, Cambodia, Chile, Czech Republic, England
  and Wales, Japan, Madagascar, Nigeria, Peru,
  Philippines, South Africa, Tanzania, Vietnam.

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• 11th UN Congress Bangkok 2005
• Workshop on crime prevention
• 15 countries represented from all regions
• Compendium of Promising Strategies and Programmes
  on Urban Crime Youth at Risk (2005) - 64
  examples from around the world (in English,
  French Spanish)
• Proceedings of the Workshop (June 2007) (in
  Spanish, French and English).

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• Effective Urban Crime Prevention
• National/state support to facilitate strategies
  at the local level which respect human rights
• Local authorities key to development of
  comprehensive strategies
• Strengthen community policing and community
  partnerships with civil society
• Integrate vulnerable groups - safety of women and
  girls, minorities, youth

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• Urban renewal and revitalizing public spaces
• Project for Public Spaces, USA - turning them
  into vital community places
• Institute for Urban Planning Development,
  France - solutions to restore public space and
  security
• Foundation for Young Australians youth specific
  and friendly public spaces

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ANTES
DESPUES
RECUPERACION DE ESPACIO PUBLICO
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DURANTE
DURANTE
ANTES
DESPUES
RENOVACION URBANA
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Fuente Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias
Forenses. Fiscalia General de la Nación
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• Youth Groups and Gangs
• Loose groups of young friends..
• Groups identified with local territory
  wanabees
• Formalized identifiable street gangs with
  hierarchy,and some criminal involvement
• Gangs with links to organized crime
• Institutionalized gangs, organized armed violence
  cf. Cape Flats, South Africa, COAV..

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• Effective Strategies and Practice
• for youth violence and youth at risk
• Inclusive approaches reducing marginalization
• Participatory approaches
• Integrated strategies multi-sectorial
• Balanced strategies early intervention,
  social/education, restorative, crime control
• Targeting/tailoring strategies and programs to
  needs of specific at-risk groups
• Respecting the rights of children and youth

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• Examples of effective strategies
• for youth violence
• Boston Gun Project Operation Ceasefire 1996
  integrated approach with existing resources
  reduced youth homicides by 2/3rds- Strategy
  successfully followed by many other US cities
• Toronto, Canada - reduced youth homicides in past
  two years.
• Diadema, Sau Paulo, Brazil

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• California Gang Prevention Network
• Network of 12 cities with teams of 5 key
  representatives - meeting twice a year to develop
  and implement strategies.
• Using key elements of successful strategies a
  clear message from city leaders to end violence
  identifying small percentage causing most
  violence intervention services for those on the
  edge starting prevention early with families,
  children and youth

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• Examples of effective projects for youth and
  youth violence
• Fica Vivo Viva Rio, Brazil gang prevention and
  gang exit projects
• Houses For Youth Cambodia, Vietnam
• Chance on Main, U Turn, Australia
• Social mediation agents, France and Belgium
• Gun free towns El Salvador UNDP

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• City of Diadema, Brazil
• 10 point crime prevention strategy
• The creation of Municipal Department of Social
  Policies Public Security mapping all criminal
  activity
• The Integration of all Police Forces in the City
  (Municipal, Military and Civil Regional)
• New law enforcing the closure of all
  establishments selling alcohol from 1100pm to
  0600am
• Launching Municipal Council for the Safety and
  the Prevention of Crime
• Increasing the Municipal Police Force by 70 and
  establishing The Neighbourhood Angels

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• 10 point crime prevention strategy
• The Young Apprentice Project
• Social and Environmental Policies
• The Installation of Surveillance Cameras
• The Inspections and Law Enforcement Operations
• 10. Launching 3 major campaigns
• - Disarmament of Fire Arms Campaign
• - Childrens Disarmament of Toy Guns Campaign
• - Drugs and Alcohol Awareness Campaign

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DIADEMA - A BETTER PLACE TO LIVE!
Diadema leaves the ranking of the 10 most
Violent Places in the Estate of São Paulo
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Painter
(C)Atsushi SHIBUYA
Alumni Club
Woodcarving artisan
Open a beauty salon
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• Thank youICPC web-site
• www.crime-prevention-intl.org
• shaw_at_crime-prevention-intl.org

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