The%20Hand%20and%20Wrist-%20Structure%20and%20Function

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The Hand and Wrist- Structure and Function
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The Hand - Its Role

• Prehension - Opposition of the thumb
• Effector organ of the upper limb
• Very sensitive and accurate sensory receptor
• Communicates with the brain about thickness and
  distance
• Stereognosis

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Prehension

• Gripping ability
• Tarsier can grip with tail and hand

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Braciation

• Upper limb used as a means of locomotion

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The Radiocarpal joint

• 1. Articulation between the lower end of the
  radius and the proximal row of carpal bones
• 2.Intercarpal joints

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The carpal bones

• Bones in the shape of a gutter
• Concave anteriorly
• Flexor retinaculum forms a tunnel - carpal tunnel

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The muscles of the wrist Anterior aspect

• flexor carpi radialis
• palmaris longus
• flexor carpi ulnaris
• flexor digitorum profundus
• flexor digitorum superficialis
• flexor pollicis longus

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The muscles of the wrist Posterior aspect

• extensor carpi ulnaris
• extensor carpi radialis brevis
• extensor carpi radialis longus

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Regions of the hand - functionally divided

• The thumb - opposition
• The index and middle finger
• The ring and little fingers

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Muscles of the Hypothenar Eminence
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Muscle of the Hypothenar eminence

• Flexor digiti minimi
• Adductor digiti minimi
• Opponens digiti minimi

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Muscles of the thenareminence

• Extrinsic muscles
• Abductor pollicis longus
• Extensor pollicis brevis
• Extensor pollicis longus

• Intrinsic muscles
• Flexor pollicis brevis
• Opponens pollicis
• Abductor pollicis
• Abductor pollicis brevis
• Anterior interosseus
• Adductor pollicis

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The intrinsic muscles of the hand

• Lumbricals (2nd-5th finger)
• attachments on the tendons of flexor digitorum
  profundus
• insert onto extensor apponeurosis
• Interossei
• dorsal abduct (dab)
• palmar adduct (pad)