Soy Products in Aquafeed Leveraging Checkoff Funding for Research

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SOY as a Source of Protein in Aquaculture
Diets Diane Bellis, Ph.D. AgSource, Inc

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American Soybean Assoc (ASA) St. Louis 25,000
voluntary members / elected directors
650,000 U.S. soybean farmers
John Gordley and Associates is the ASA
Washington Office / AgSource, Inc. is a subsidiary
Congressionally mandated tax .05 of net
market price of soybean sales known as CHECKOFF
45 m/yr for marketing and research USDA
oversight
QSSBs Soybean growing states allocated based
on production
National Check-off is United Soybean Board 64
Directors from 29 states nominated by states
appointed by the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture
Plant Products in Aquafeed Working Group
US Soybean Export Council (USSEC) (in overseas
offices known as ASA International Directors
from ASA and USB
Soy in Aquaculture
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World Protein Meal Consumption 2006
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Soy-molasses
Biodiesel
Soy protein concentrate
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How U.S. Soybean meal is used
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Why Aquaculture?? The Premises

• Aquaculture is the fastest growing food
  production system within the sector, marine is
  the fastest
• Alternatives to fishmeal are of interest to the
  aquaculture industry
• Economics
• Environment
• Energy
• Soy is considered the most likely alternative
  source of protein
• Demand for soy biodiesel will continue to grow
  protein is a co-product

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U.S. Soybean Exports
From Foreign Agricultural Trade of the US, USDA
FAS, 2003.
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The Challenge
12,000 years of agriculture
commercial, genetically homogeneous varieties of
animals aligned with available feed
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SBM-induced enteritis after 24 weeks Control
v.s. 40 SBM diet
Control diet No SBM. Photo showing normal villi
of distal intestine (X 75)
40 SBM diet Villi are swollen and those in the
center fused. Note numerous large apical vacuoles
(X 75)
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Plant Products in Aquafeed (PPA)Working Group

• Chaired by Delbert Gatlin, Texas AM
• PPA White Paper Optimizing Plant Products in
  Aquafeed

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Plant Products in Aquafeed (PPA) Strategic
Research Plan

• 7 goals, 7 writing teams
• Input from more than 30 researchers from 6
  countries
• Included experts from USDA/ARS, USDA/CSREES, and
  NOAA

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H.R. 2010

• (c) The Secretary, in collaboration with the
  Secretary of Agriculture, shall conduct research
  to reduce the use of wild fish in aquaculture
  feeds, including ..agricultural crops, and other
  products.
• SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. There
  are authorized to be appropriated to the
  Secretary 4,052,000 in fiscal year 2008 and
  thereafter such sums as may be necessary for
  purposes of carrying out the provisions of this
  Act.

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National Sustainable Offshore Aquaculture Act of
2007

• SEC. 7 (a) In General - The Secretaryshall
  establish and conduct a research and development
  program
• (b) Components The program shall include a
  competitive peer-reviewed grant program for
  research (1) to reduce the use of wild fish in
  offshore aquaculture diets
• Authorizes 35,000,000 / year for 5 years

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• The National Oceanic and Atmospheric
  Administration (NOAA) has announced the 2008-09
  National Marine Aquaculture Initiative with up to
  8 million in competitive grants. The grants will
  be awarded to demonstration projects and research
  to develop sustainable marine aquaculture in the
  United States. The deadline for preliminary
  proposals is October 18, 2007. Research
  priorities include
•       Nutrition research involving alternative
  protein based diets and influence of diet on
  product quality and the
•          Development of synthesis research
  papers for the following topics Environmental
  impacts of marine production systems alternative
  protein feeds and potential impacts disease
  transmission from aquaculture to wild stocks and
  vice versa, and status of ecologically acceptable
  treatments and preventives and genetic
  technologies and environmental risk analysis.

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What we think we know_________________________

• Economic, nutritious soy-based alternative diets
  are available for many terrestrial species and
  shrimp
• The Soy in Aquaculture program works in China and
  elsewhere introducing aquaculturists to soy-based
  alternative to diets based on fish oil and fish
  meal (terrestrial aquaculture and shrimp).
• A diet in which 80 of the fishmeal has been
  replaced by SPC has been used in marine finfish
  in Spain

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What we think we know_________________________

• Many fish nutrition studies have been conducted
  using plant proteins Need a meta-analysis of
  literature on plant-based sources of protein in
  aquaculture diets
• Zebra fish genome micro-arrays for some other
  species
• Soybean and model legume genomes
• EAA requirements for 9?? species

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What know we dont know(see the PPA Strategic
Research Plan)__________________________________

• Enough basic fish biology
• Translating soy and fish genomics to address
  nutrition/digestion issues
• Standardized research approaches and protocols
  for systematic evaluation of plant feedstuffs
  across carnivorous fish species
• Need a fish nutrition model(s)??

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What we know dont know_________________________
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• Various soy components that have positive or
  negative impacts so they can be processed in or
  out
• Quantify and quality of effluent with change in
  diet
• Alternatives to FM and FO in juvenile diets

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Thoughts on how to get there from here

• Implement PPA Strategic Research Plan
• Align USDA resources
• Contribute to revision of ARS Strategic Plan
• Work to develop funding for USDA/CSREES/NRI
  Program on alternative diets
• Contribute to revision of JSA Strategic Plan
• Support proposals to NRI and NOAA
• Update the NRCs Nutrient Requirements for Fish
  (1993)

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Diane Bellis, Ph.D.AgSource, Inc. 202.412.0582
(m)600 Pennsylvania Ave NE, Ste. 320Washington,
DC 20003 RR1 Box 309A Palestine, WV 26160
304.275.3087