Surveillance and control programmes for aquatic animal diseases in Norway Hege Hellberg Irene rpetve

1
Surveillance and control programmes for aquatic
animal diseases in NorwayHege HellbergIrene
Ørpetveit
2
Surveillance and control programmes

• According to EU legislation, import restrictions
  based on border control and quarantine are
  considered obstacles to free trade.
• These disease-preventing measures have been
  replaced by the concept of documented freedom
  from particular diseases and additional
  guarantees from the exporting country.

3
Surveillance and control programmes

• Surveillance and control programmes are
• official governmental programmes initiated by
• the Competent Authority to
• document freedom of specific listed diseases
  according to international trade regulations for
  aquatic animals
• get a national overview of presence of specific
  diseases to control or eradicate the disease

4
Surveillance and control programmes

• Norwegian Food Safety Authority (Mattilsynet) is
  responsible for the programmes
• Inspections
• Sampling
• National Veterinary Institute (Veterinær-institutt
  et) delivers
• Epidemiological design
• Laboratory analysis
• Reports

5
Documentation of freedom

• Programmes designed to document freedom of
• specific diseases are described in EU directives
  which refer to the OIE
• Aquatic Animal Health Code and Manual
• Sampling procedures
• Diagnostic tests

6
Documentation of freedom

• Norway has 2 programmes covering 4 diseases
• Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) and
  infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in
  salmonids
• Bonamia ostreae and Marteilia refringens in
  European flat oysters (Ostrea edulis L.)

7
Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS)andInfectiou
s haematopoietic necrosis (IHN)

• Surveillance programme started autumn 1994
• Viral diseases caused by rhabdoviridae
• 50 of all farms producing salmonids are sampled
  each year
• Several species and age-groups

8
Virus cultivation in cell culture

• Cell lines applied
• Bluegill fry fibroblasts (BF-2) cells
• Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells
• Tissue transported in culture medium containing a
  high dose of antibiotics
• IPNV is endemic in Norwegian fish farms
• Neutralization against IPNV

9
Virus cultivation in cell culture
CPE
Tissue (kidney, liver, spleen)
Investigation by microscope
Centrifugation
Incubation1 week at 15C
Homogenization
Cell culture
Neutralization against IPNV
10
VHS/IHN Results 2007

11
Pancreas disease (PD) virus

• Salmonid alphavirus
• Increasing problem in Norwegian salmonid farming
• Replicates in BF-2 cells
• Occasionally the cause of CPE in samples from the
  Surveillance program
• Screening program for PD virus
• approx. 40 sites tested in 2007 and 2008

12
New programme for Atlantic salmon and rainbow
trout broodstock surveillanceVertical
transmission

• Preliminary start autumn 2008
• 8 broodstock farms Atlantic salmon sampled
• 60 individuals pooled 5 5
• Brain, heart, kidney and spleen (gill)
• Samples analyzed for ISA- and PD-virus
• real-time RT-PCR

13
New programme for Atlantic salmon and rainbow
trout broodstock surveillance

• 2009
• All broodstock farms Atlantic salmon and rainbow
  trout will be sampled
• Individual samples from 60 fish
• Brain, heart, kidney, spleen and gill
• ISA- and PD-virus by real-time RT-PCR

14
Surveillance and control programmes

• More information on the surveillance and control
  programmes for aquatic animal diseases may be
  found at

• http//www.vetinst.no/eng/Research/Publications/NO
  K-Reports
• http//www.vetinst.no/eng/Forskning/Rapporter/Fisk
  ehelserapporten