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Unit IV Part A: Historical Perspectives in Nursing

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Title: Unit IV Part A: Historical Perspectives in Nursing


1
Unit IV Part AHistorical Perspectives in Nursing
  • Julie E. Davis BSN, RN

2
Why History?
  • Examining history establishes pride knowledge
    regarding your new profession
  • To appreciate where nursing is today, we must
    know where we came from
  • The healthcare system is in chaos today...drastic
    changes are on the horizon

3
Definitions
  • RN-registered nurse or professional nurse
  • LPN-licensed practical nurse (used in most
    states)
  • LVN-licensed vocational nurse (used mostly just
    in California Texas)

4
Nature of Nursing Practice
  • When major shifts occur in healthcare...the role
    of the nurse changes too
  • History is in the making
  • Many opportunities exist for you today because
    someone before you had the vision paid the
    price for nursing to evolve into the profession
    that it is today

5
The Beginning of Nursing
  • Nursing is as old as humanity
  • At one time illness was thought to be caused by
    evil spirits
  • Primitive healthcare was only delivered by men,
    usually priests medicine men
  • Since then the medical model has dominated
    healthcare

6
Ancient Era Contributors
  • An ancient Babylonian king wrote a code of laws
    designed to protect individuals who were ill
  • Laws were written to protect the public from
    unsafe practitioners
  • This is still seen today with medical boards and
    state boards of nursing, as well as with Nurse
    Practice Acts

7
Ancient Era Contributors
  • Hippocrates referred to as the Father of
    Medicine
  • Hippocrates contributions
  • Written record of healthcare practices that were
    used at the time
  • Removed mythical aspects of healthcare replaced
    them with scientific concepts

8
Dark Ages Christianity
  • The Dark Ages was a time when learning stagnated
  • Nursing car of people was only provided by family
    friends
  • Once the Dark Ages were over, women were admitted
    to school to study nursing midwifery
  • With the growth of Christianity, convents were
    established
  • Deaconesses were allowed to administer healthcare
    to the sick the poor

9
Renaissance Period
  • Nursing progess halted
  • Opposition to the Catholic Church
  • Womens roles declined as did the nursing
    profession
  • Monasteries convents were closed

10
Era of Industrialization
  • New health problems child labor, industrial
    accidents, poor working conditions health
    problems (i.e. bubonic plague)
  • Women started to deliver babies in hospitals
    there was a high mother-baby mortality rate

11
Healthcare in the U.S.
  • In the early years of the U.S., physicians were
    poorly trained
  • Nursing was only done by a limited number of
    religious orders, nuns a few other untrained
    people
  • The first hospital was in Philadelphia
  • Wards were dirty patients suffered from pain,
    infection gangrene
  • Nursing was NOT an admirable profession the
    nursing role was often done by criminals

12
Beginning of Modern Nursing
  • Nineteenth early 20th century
  • Healthcare conditions were poor
  • Nursing not yet a profession but was now done by
    priests nuns who emigrated from Europe with
    knowledge, skills a willingness to serve
  • Religious orders have a higher level of nursing
    care than others
  • Society openly disapproved of upper class women
    doing manual labor
  • It was considered a disgrace to send a family
    member to the hospital

13
Nursing Education
  • First school of nursing was in Kaiserworth,
    Germany 1836
  • Female students received 2-3 yr training
  • Once training was complete, these women were sent
    to the Kaiserworth deaconesses were then sent
    around the world to train other women to be
    nurses
  • Most of the training focused on sanitation
  • Florence Nightingale received her training here
  • She marks the beginning of modern nursing

14
Florence Nightingale
  • Was an educated, wealthy woman her family (
    society) strongly disapproved of her desire to be
    a nurse
  • She attended Kaiserworth in 1851
  • Her first position was superintendent of a small
    hospital in London she worked without pay
  • During the Crimean War, she saw the opportunity
    to show what nursing could do for wounded
    soldiers
  • She saved thousands of lives with the help of her
    38 recruited women

15
Florence Nightingale
  • Her work during the war changed the face of
    nursing forever
  • She established a home nursing service in London
    in 1862
  • She used her knowledge influence to establish
    formal nursing education
  • The first 3 hospital schools of nursing in the
    U.S. followed Nightingales traditions
  • She died in 1910 she gave her fortune 60 years
    of her life to the establishment of nursing as a
    profession

16
Current Trends
  • Lethal viruses-in recent years weve been faced
    with new lethal illnesses for which we have no
    cure
  • Terrorism-including bioterrorism, is something
    that we are dealing with in increased frequencies
  • Nursing shortage-comes goes we see it with
    staffing problems, mandatory overtime constant
    calls for additional shiftwork

17
Questions for Reflection
  • What will your contribution be to the nursing
    profession?
  • Will you better your profession, or will you
    hinder its respect as a profession its future
    growth?
  • Remember...your reputation as a nurse will both
    precede you will be left behind once you move
    on!

18
References
  • Anderson, M. (2005). Nursing leadership,
    management, and professional practice for the
    LPN/LVN In nursing school and beyond. (3rd Ed.).
    Philadelphia FA Davis. (Chapter 1).
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