HEAD/NECK II: Throat/ Pharynx - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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HEAD/NECK II: Throat/ Pharynx

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Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head II: Throat/Larynx. HEAD/NECK II: Throat/ Pharynx. Overview: Sagittal view of nose/mouth/throat ... Form side of moth. STRUCTURE ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: HEAD/NECK II: Throat/ Pharynx


1
HEAD/NECK II Throat/ Pharynx
  • Overview Sagittal view of nose/mouth/throat
  • Nasal Cavity and Breathing
  • Mouth and Chewing
  • Throat and Swallowing
  • Larynx and Singing

2
Sagittal Section Head
  • Cranial cavity
  • Brain/Spinal cord
  • Vertebral bodies
  • Epaxial muscles
  • Hard/soft palate
  • Oral cavity
  • Esophagus
  • Trachea
  • Epiglottis
  • Naso-
  • Oro-
  • Laringo-

pharynx
3
Nose/Nasal Cavity and Breathing
  • Function
  • Inlet for air to lung
  • Warm/filter air
  • (mucous membranes on ethmoid conchae)
  • Smell
  • (nerve endings on nasal membranes)

MM, Fig. 21.1
4
Conchae of Ethmod Bone
  • Scroll-like bones
  • Covered in mucous membrane for
  • Smell
  • Filter air
  • Warm air

MM, Fig. 7.10
5
Sinuses
  • All connected to nasal cavity
  • All lined with mucous membranes
  • Cold/allergiesfill with mucoussinus headache
  • Maxillary
  • Ethmoid
  • Frontal
  • Sphenoid

MM, Fig. 7.11
6
Mouth/Oral Cavity and Chewing
  • FUNCTION
  • Bite and chew food
  • Form words
  • Taste
  • Kiss
  • COMPONENTS
  • Lips
  • Cheeks
  • Palate
  • Jaws and teeth
  • Salivary glands

Lined by thick stratified squamous epithelium
(almost no keratin)
Vestibulein front of teeth Oral cavity
properbehind teeth
7
Lips
  • FUNCTION
  • Close mouth
  • Keep food in
  • Make speech sounds
  • Tactile
  • STRUCTURE
  • Core of sphinchter-shape skeletal muscle
    (orbicularis oris)
  • Red margin transition from keratinized skin to
    oral mucosa
  • Red because clear color lets underlying vessels
    show through
  • No sweat or sebaceous glands, thus needs to be
    wet (or lip balm)

MM, Fig. 11.6
8
Cheeks
  • FUNCTION
  • Form side of moth
  • STRUCTURE
  • Buccinator muscleinstrumental in swallowing,
    connects back to pharyngeal constrictors

MM, Fig. 11.6
9
Palate
  • Hard palate anterior
  • Maxilla
  • Palatine
  • Soft palate is posterior extension, soft tissue
  • Palatoglossal arch
  • (palate to tongue)
  • Palatopharyngeal arch
  • (palate to pharynx)
  • Tonsils between arches
  • Uvula???

MM, Fig. 22.7
10
Jaws
  • FUNCTION
  • Hold teeth
  • Occlude in chewing

MM, Fig. 7.3
  • STRUCTURE
  • Upper jawmaxillary bone
  • Lower jaw--mandible

11
Teeth
  • Deciduous teethmilk or baby teeth
  • Emerge 6 mos. 2 yrs.
  • Replaced by permanent teeth 6-12 yrs.
  • Wisdom teeth (3rd molar) erupts 17-25 yrs or
    remains in jaw
  • Key to healthy teeth and gums
  • Flossing
  • Visiting dentist regularly (every 6 mos.) and
    starting at young age (3-4 yrs.)

12
Structure of individual toothits alive!!
13
Jaw muscles
  • Masseter, temporaliselevate mandible (close
    jaw)
  • Medial pterygoidlateral (side-to-side) chewing
  • Lateral pterygoidtranslates mandible anteriorly
    (part of opening)
  • Digastric (not shown)depresses mandible (opens
    jaw)
  • Chewing is circular motion

MM, Fig. 11.7
14
Tongue
  • FUNCTION
  • Position food between teeth
  • Form words in speech
  • STRUCTURE
  • Intrinsic muscles (allow for shape change with
    fibers in various directions)
  • Extrinsic musclesattach tongue to skeleton
  • Genioglossus
  • hyoglossus

MM, Fig. 22.7
15
Salivary glands
  • Intrinsicall over mucous membranes of tongue,
    palate, lips, lining of cheek
  • Extrinsicsecrete more saliva when eating (or
    anticipating)
  • Parotid
  • Submandibular
  • sublingual

MM, Fig. 22.10
16
Saliva
  • Moistens mouth
  • Dissolves food to be tasted
  • Wets and binds food
  • Contains amylase to start starch digestion
    (saltine to sugar experiment)
  • Contains bicarbonate to neutralize cavity-causing
    acids produced by bacteria
  • Contains anti-bacterial and anti-viral enzymes
    and cyanide-like compound to kill harmful
    micro-organisms
  • Contains proteins that stimulate growth of
    beneficial bacteria in the mouth

17
Throat/Pharynx and Swallowing
  • Back of mouth to larynx
  • Food and air mix and cross
  • STRUCTURES
  • Entrypharyngeal arches
  • Exitglottis (epiglottis is lid)
  • Pharyngeal constrictors squeeze food through
  • When it goes wrongchoking!!

18
Pharynx and Swallowing
Focus on muscles and arrangement of mouth cavity,
pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, trachea
Pharynx/Swallowing in detail!!
19
Descent of the larynx
20
Larynx and Singing
  • FUNCTION
  • Channel air out of trachea
  • Vibrate to produce sound for speech/song
  • STRUCTURES
  • External skeleton or frame (cartilage)
  • Internal vocal cords and associated muscles

21
Skeleton of larynx
MM, Fig. 21.5
  • Cricothyroid ligament is usual site of emergency
    tracheotomy (feel on selfSURFACE ANATOMY)

22
Vocal cords
MM, Fig. 21.6
23
COMING SOON!!
  • Head/Neck III Special Senses
  • Head/Neck IV Cranial Nerves
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