How does poaching affect the size of national parks

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How does poaching affect the size of national
parks?

• Andy Dobson Laura Lynes
• -Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol 23. No 4.

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Introduction

• About poaching in Serengeti NP, Tanzania (25 000
  km2).
• Wildebeest and buffalo poached for meat by
  surrounding communities
• Economic crisis in the mid 1980s, lead to
  economic motivated poaching for elephant tusks
  and rhino horns, rhinos locally extinct

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How does poaching affect the size?

• Geoff Kirkwoods effective size of a reserve
  is area probability of capture (of poachers)
  100 km2 0.01 1 km2
• Investment in anti-poaching patrols increases the
  true size of a park
• A variety of details that might modify the
  calculations local subsistence hunters-
  professionals, park area, law enforcement and
  punishment in different parts of the world
• Trade-off between incentive and cost to poach

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Incidental vs. Direct poaching

• Example with overpasses resistance to
  construction of them, but.
• when pointing on the safety benefits for
  speeding humans (collisions with deer), then
  accepted
• Farms and illegal logging (indonesia)
• Water supply to Masai mara game park (Kenya)
• Tourist minibus drivers harass wildlife
• ? tragedy of the commons

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Incidental vs. Direct poaching

• Hilborn poaching prevention is more dependent
  upon high rates of detection of offenders rather
  than upon the passing of increasingly harsher
  sentences on those who are caught
• Anthropogenic activity (roads, railways,
  recreators) causes same demographic impact as
  poaching, but harder to calculate

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Box 1
Cost-benefit models Blue lines represents the
elasticity between price and demand. Pale blue
elastic (a small change in price lead to a large
change in demand) Dark blue inelastic. Orange
private-property regimes Red Open-access
resource Between common-property regimes
Traditional population ecologists view of a
stock-recruitment relationship
Economists view of natural resource management
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Discussion

• Is this relevant for NP in Scandinavia?
• Tourism/recreators in parks vs. wildlife (musk ox
  safaries, wild- and domestic reindeer)