My Native American Progect

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My Native American Progect
By. Connor
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Hopi Indians
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The Hopi indians culture.
This is were the Hopi reservation is. There is
different places that the Hopi lived in. Like
Arizona.
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The Hopi Homes

• Most of the houses are more than single story.
  and some are four stories. The upper apartments
  are reached by outside ladders.

• The walls of some Hopi houses are constructed of
  undressed stone fragments bound with mud plaster

• Hopis live in pueblos that are made of stone and
  mud and stand several stories high.

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Hopi Clothing
The Hopi had a very unique way of dressing
themselves for everyday life. The men who farmed
and found food wore breechcloth skirts (kilts).
The women wore things called mantas that went up
to their shoulders and were held in place by
belts tied around the waste. The children wore
the same thing as their parents. In the winter
when they were really cold, they would wear a
blanket or rabbit fur around themselves to keep
warm. Every one wore leggings in very cold
weather plus the rabbit fur or cloth blankets.
The Hopi wore many different kinds of interesting
clothing depending on their needs.
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weApons
The Hopi used bow and arrows and spears. They did
not go to war very often
Bow And Arrow
Spears
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SPIRITUAL

• Beside the trail that leads from the Hopi mesas
  to an ancient shrine where salt was gathered in
  the Grand Canyon, a large boulder bears the
  markings of clans which carved their emblems into
  the rock each time they passed on a pilgrimage.

• Hopi have brought with them in their migration
  from other regions or have borrowed from other
  pueblo a mass of religious practices, and the
  result is a complex presenting many anomalies and
  obscurities.

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Food
The Hopi Indians grew food similar to the Navajo
Indians. They raised corn or maize as the basic
food. The Hopi Indians based religious ceremonies
on the corn they grew. They grew 24 different
kinds of corn, but the blue and white was the
most common. They also grew beans, squash,
melons, pumpkins, and fruit
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Apache indians
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Food

• THE APACHE WERE HUNTERS AND GATHERS. MEAT WAS A
  MAJOR PART OF THE APACHE'S DIET. DURING THE ICE
  AGE THE APACHE ATE MAMMOTHS. THEY TENDED AND
  BRANDED CATTLE. THE APACHE ALSO CAUGHT RATS AND
  ATE THEM RAW!

• The Apache did not farm. They lived on a variety
  of wild plants. The women gathered the plants.
  Favorites were the yucca and mescal plants. The
  women harvested the yucca plant in the spring and
  they gathered the mescal plant in late spring.
  The mescal plant was a large leafed plant that
  grew in the shape of a cabbage head and tasted
  like squash. The women steamed many plants in a
  deep pit that was filled with stone. A fire was
  built in a pit lined with stones. Then when
  extremely hot the fire was allowed to burn down.

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Apache Indian Shelter

• They pitched tent like dwellings made of brush or
  hide, called 'wikiups'. The wickiup was the most
  common shelter of the Apache. The dome shaped
  lodge was constructed of wood poles covered with
  brush, grass, or reed mats. It contained a fire
  pit and a smoke hole for a chimney.

• The Apache dwellings consisted of a dome shaped
  frame of cottonwood or other poles, thatched with
  grass. The house itself was termed, "Kowa" and
  the grass thatch, "Pi".

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Clothing

• The primitive dress of the men was deerskin
  shirt, leggings, and moccasins. They were never
  without a loin-cloth. A deerskin cap with
  attractive symbolic ornamentation was worn. The
  women wore short deerskin skirts and high boot
  top moccasins.

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CEREMONIES

• Among these are the rain dance, a puberty right,
  the sunrise dance for young women, a harvest and
  good crop dance, and a spirit dance. The Apache
  are devoutly religious and pray on many occasions
  and in various ways. Recreated in the human form,
  Apache spirits are supposed to dwell in a land of
  peace and plenty, where there is neither disease
  or death.

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Culture
The Apaches formerly ranged over southeastern
Arizona and north-western Mexico. The chief
divisions of the Apaches were the Arivaipa,
Chiricahua, Coyotero, Faraone Gileno, Llanero,
Mescalero, Mimbreno, Mogollon, Naisha, Tchikun
and Tchishi.
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Weapons
The best bows were considered to have been made
from mulberry, although locust, oak and maple
were sometimes used. They knew of double curved
bows and made some but were thought to be
inefficient to the single curve self bows they
preferred. The preferred length was three to four
feet. Bows were made from branches stripped of
their bark and shaped to size and allowed to dry
for a week.
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CHROKEE INDIANS
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Food
The Cherokees were hunters, farmers, and
gatherers.  The men hunted, and the women farmed
and gathered.  The men hunted only what was
needed to feed their families, but the women
farmed enough food to last for at least two
years.  That was in case they had a bad year.
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Weapons
Some of the weapons Cherokee warriors used were
axes, clubs, and, daggers. They put nails, metal
spikes or animal teeth on the end of their
clubs.  The men of the tribe also taught the boys
of the tribe to make blowguns that shot darts. 
When the Europeans brought guns to North America,
the Cherokee were anxious to trade for them. 
They traded furs and skins in exchange for guns.
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CLOTHING

• The men wore breechcloths and moccasins in warm
  weather. In cold weather they wore shirts that
  came almost to their knees. The moccasins reached
  to their knees or above with the soles covered
  with rough, untreated animal skin.

• In the early years of the Apache they made their
  clothing from deer hide. They soaked the hide in
  water then stretched and rubbed it to make it
  soft.

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Homes

• The Cherokee lived in villages along the
  riverbanks. Each village had a council house. A
  council house was a large circular, windowless
  building often built on a mount. The walls were
  made of saplings woven together then plastered
  with mud.

• The Cherokee lived in large rectangular, wood
  house. They made benches for their homes.

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Custom

• Legends say the Great Spirit was sent mountain
  spirits to show the Apache how to live a good
  life. The mountain spirits called Ganhs taught
  the Apaches many ceremonies and chants to
  overcome disease. After the Apaches ignored the
  Ganhs teachings they became upset and
  disappeared into the mountains.

• Apaches believed that everything in nature had
  special power. Some animals were possessed by
  evil spirits or ghosts. Those animals were bears,
  owls, and coyotes. The crow was a sign of good
  luck. They believed in the Great Spirit.

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Chinook
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FOOD

• When they got home, they cooked their food in the
  longhouse. Each family had its own small fire in
  the longhouse. To roast the salmon, they put the
  salmon into a split cedar stick that held it
  tight like a clothespin, and stuck it in a sand
  pit around their fire.

• They hunted and gathered their food. Mostly they
  ate wild roots like wapato (it's like a potato)
  and huckleberries (like small blueberries), and a
  lot of dried or roasted salmon that they caught
  in the rivers.

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CLOTHING

• Chinook men didn't usually wear clothing at all,
  though some men wore a breechcloth. Women wore
  short skirts made of cedar bark or grass.

• In the rain, the Chinooks wore tule rush capes,
  and in colder weather, they wore fur robes and
  moccsins on their feet. Later, after European
  influence, Makah people began wearing blanket
  robes.

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CULTURE

• The Chinook Indians are original people of the
  Pacific Northwest Coast. They live in Washington
  state

• The Chinooks lived in coastal villages of
  rectangular cedar-plank houses with bark roofs.
  Usually these houses were large (up to 70 feet
  long) and each one housed an entire extended
  family.

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TOOLS AND WEAPONS

• Chinook fishermen used harpoons and nets. Hunters
  used bows and arrows, and trappers set snares. In
  war, Chinook men fired their bows or fought with
  spears and war clubs.

• Chinook warriors would wear armor made of
  hardened elk hide to protect themselves from
  enemy archers.

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CUSTOM

• They were famous for their extensive trading.
  They traded over thousands of miles with many
  different peoples. Being river dwellers their
  livelihood greatly depended on fish. Salmon was a
  major source of trade. Other valuable trade items
  included canoes, slaves and shells.

• They were famous for their extensive trading.
  They traded over thousands of miles with many
  different peoples. Being river dwellers their
  livelihood greatly depended on fish. Salmon was a
  major source of trade. Other valuable trade items
  included canoes, slaves and shells.

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SUMMARY

• The Apache and the Hopi Indians both ate
  mammoths until they were extinct.
• The Apache and the Chinook both used bow and
  arrows.
• But the Apache used clubs with spikes and the
  Chinook used clubs but not with spikes.
• Apaches believed that everything in nature had
  special power. But the Hopi Indians wrote on
  rocks to pass it on to pilgrims.

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Bibliography
http//www.mce.k12tn.net/indians/reports1/cherokee
2.htm
http//www.bigorrin.org/chinook_kids.hm
http//www.crystalinks.com/hopi1.html