Arne Naess

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Arne Naess
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World Conservation Monitoring Centre categories
for rare species

• Extinct not definitely reported in 50 years
• Endangered taxa in danger of extinction and
  whose survival is unlikely if current trends
  continue
• Vulnerable taxa likely to move into endangered
  category in near future if current trends
  continue (USFWS calls this group threatened)
• Rare taxa with small world populations that are
  not at present endangered or vulnerable but are
  at risk
• Indeterminate taxa known to be endangered,
  vulnerable or rare but where there is not enough
  information to say which category applies
• Out of danger once endangered, vulnerable or
  rare but now considered relatively secure
• Insufficiently known taxa that are suspected to
  be endangered, vulnerable or rare but not enough
  is known to be sure
• Threatened any taxa considered endangered,
  vulnerable, rare or insufficiently known
• Commercially threatened taxa not currently
  threatened with extinction but where all or most
  populations are threatened as a sustainable
  commercial resource

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Values of species

• Instrumental value a thing is valuable because
  it is useful to humans
• Intrinsic value a thing is valuable in and of
  itself valuable because it exists

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Economic Values
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Germplasm storage at Royal Botanic Garden, Kew
outside of London, England
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The Aurochs cave paintings
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Teosinte and Corn
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Paca or Mountain Agouti
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Fishing Boats Thailand
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Digging and Baking Camas Bulbs- Pacific Northwest
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Cover of Gerards Herbal 1597
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Botanic Garden in Padua 1540s
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Rosy Periwinkle
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Epipedobates tricolor painkiller developed from
toxin
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Gathering firewood - Bolivia
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Jojoba plant, seeds and oil
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Sperm whale capture and oil
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Bird feeding and housing
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Birding
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Services
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Pollination
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Pollinator Loss
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Soil Aeration
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Spiritual Values
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Seagull Monument Salt Lake City
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Species as National Symbols
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River Otter
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Belted Kingfisher
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Scientific and Educational Values
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Jane Goodall And Friend
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Ecological Values

• dominant species - usually the species which
  constitute a large portion of the biomass in an
  ecosystem - pines in a pine forest
• controller species - species which play major
  role in movement of energy and nutrients -
  primary producers and fungal decomposers
• keystone species - species which have a larger
  impact on their environment than we predict based
  on their abundance

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Strategic Values

• Flagship species - the charismatic species that
  have attracted public attention and won support
  for conservation - humpback whales, mountain
  gorillas, tigers, the gray wolf
• Umbrella species - species with large home ranges
  so that by protecting enough habitat to save that
  species we save many other species as well -
  northern spotted owl, tigers, Pacific salmon
• Indicator species - species with narrow ranges of
  environmental health and tolerance so that the
  size of their populations is a good indicator of
  ecosystem health - often these are smaller
  species - lichens are sensitive to air pollution

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Northern Spotted Owl
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Lichens on headstones Gloucester, Massachusetts
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Uniqueness Values

• Uniqueness values some species are fairly
  unique from evolutionary standpoint - only
  members of their lineage - tuatara (a reptile)
  duck-billed platypus gingko dawn redwood (a
  living fossil)

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Tuatara
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Duck-billed playtpus
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Gingko
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Metasequoia Dawn Redwood