Real Time GENI Networked Sensing and Control Systems

1
Real Time GENI? Networked Sensing and Control
Systems

• Helen Gill, Ph.D.
• CISE/CNS
• National Science Foundation

RT GENI Workshop, Reston, VA February 6-7, 2006
2
An Outsiders View

• Traditional networking Core Edge
• Core Bulk packet delivery system
• Other issues largely delegated to edge networks
• Internet technology has become pervasive as an
  enabling technology for enterprise systems but
  (though used for distributed real-time
  applications) has not penetrated real-time
  sensing and control networks
• The Internet is not quick to assimilate/enable
  new technologies
• Wireless (e.g., Bluetooth, interference)
• Software-defined-radio, ad hoc networking
• RFID, Teleoperation,

3
Application Challenges

• Critical Infrastructures currently are managed
  at risk over the Internet, on commodity
  platforms
• Critical Infrastructure Protection concerns
  interdependent technologies (electricity, oil and
  gas, telecom, water,)
• Cyber vulnerabilities
• Physical vulnerabilities
• Future networked systems challenges and
  ambitions health care/medicine, power
  grid/energy systems, transportation,
  manufacturing,
• Future systems are envisioned in other
  disciplines
• Will the Internet enable, impair, prevent?

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Example Health Care/Medicine

• National Health Information Network, Electronic
  Patient Record initiative
• Medical records at any point of service
• Hospital, OR, , EMT?
• Home care monitoring and control
• Pulse oximeters (oxygen saturation), blood
  glucose monitors, infusion pumps (insulin),
  accelerometers (falling, immobility), wearable
  networks (gait analysis),
• Operating Room of the Future (Goldman)
• Closed loop monitoring and control multiple
  treatment stations, plug and play devices
  robotic microsurgery (remotely guided?)
• In the limit Haptics over the Internet?

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Example Electric Power Grid

• Current picture
• Equipment protection devices trip locally,
  reactively
• Cascading failure August (US/Canada) and
  October (Europe), 2003
• Better future?
• Real-time cooperative control of protection
  devices
• Or -- self-healing -- (re-)aggregate islands of
  stable bulk power (protection, market motives)
• Issue standard operational control concerns
  exhibit wide-area characteristics (bulk power
  stability and quality, flow control, fault
  isolation)
• Technology vectors FACTS, PMUs
• Context market (timing?) behavior, power
  routing transactions, regulation

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Other Examples

• Transportation
• Ad hoc vehicular networks, collision avoidance,
  accident self-reporting/black box
• Ownership experience (infotainment, maps,
  traffic information),
• Vehicle prognostics, control updates, and
  predictive health maintenance
• Traffic management (emergency vehicles, flow
  management)
• Emergency response
• Local (mobile?) network deployment, access to
  government (Federal, state, local) data on
  weather, buildings,
• Avoidance of compromised infrastructure?
• Financial systems
• Real-time transactions, backup, distributed
  system coherence?
• Real-time market timing risk?
• Other sensing and control networks
• Environmental and earth observation, HVAC plant
  and building control, critical infrastructure
  protection status nets, RFID tracking systems

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RT Networking Challenges for GENI

• Todays RT Internet solutions
• Applications Best-effort e.g., sensor nets
  (media streaming, locally synchronized or loosely
  synchronized real-time databases)
• Are these problems solved?
• Real-time topology management
• Management of dynamic real-time topologies
  membership, plug and play, dynamic RT
  coalitions, end-to-end QoS concerns
• Spatial, temporal, market constraints on physical
  medium usage
• Quality of Service issues
• Variable real-time traffic mix of best-effort,
  hard real-time -- bandwidth, latency, determinacy
  (jitter, delivery order, ), security
• Availability and access guarantees
• Out of band signaling, real-time synchronization
• Other concerns
• Multimodal networks (e.g., intermittent
  connectivity networks)
• Network observability (reflection/black box)

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Workshop Perspective Vulnerable Assumptions?

• Core vs. Edge --The seamy side of networking
  How far beyond a SoC/CAN/LAN (platform, vehicle,
  device, building, room, county, state, region) do
  you go without engaging the Internet (vs. what
  would be the min cost to adopt)? Can there be
  convergence?
• Over-provisioning -- Can we really anticipate
  (spec) future bandwidth, latency,
  determinacy/jitter requirements, or must we plan
  to scale for the unknown (in terms of both,
  capability/supply, demand)?

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Hopes for this meeting

• Bridge mutual awareness gap (Internet, real-time
  systems, real-time networking)
• Enumerate key hard problems for real-time
  networking, RT Internet capability
• Enumerate progress made, gaps
• Enumerate alternative assumptions, approaches,
  characteristics, benefits, limitations (feel
  free to start over)

Beware engineering push vs. reexamination of the
fundamentals. Dont use this as a mere
engineering requirements meeting, advise a
deeper look. GENI is a rare opportunity.
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Thank You for Your Help
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High Confidence Systems Technical Challenge
"Systems of Embedded Systems"

• Now information focus, human-machine interface
• Operator skill, competent human intervention
• System, operator certification
• Future open, multi-level closed loop, mixed
  initiative, autonomous systems and multi-systems
• Typical domains
• Medical plug and play operating room of the
  future
• Aviation mixed manned, autonomous flight
• Power systems Future SCADA-D/PCS for
  distributed generation, renewable energy
  resources
• National Security common operating picture,
  global information grid, future combat systems

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Beyond SCADAImagining Next Generation
Supervisory Control

• Changing Requirements
• Open, reconfigurable topologies, adjustable group
  membership
• Reconfigurable, multi-hierarchy supervisory
  control vertical and horizontal interoperability
• Complex multi-modal behavior, discrete-continuous
  (hybrid) control
• Mixed-initiative and highly autonomous operation
• Changing technologies
• System integration Integrated, peer-to-peer,
  plug and play, service-oriented?
• Fixed mobile technology vectors
  RF/optical/wired/ wireless networking modalities,
  FPGA and other reconfigurables
• Power system storage capacity (hydrogen, battery
  technology, other?)
• Changing oversight context
• End-to-end security, self-healing
• Increased attention to system certification

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RD Planning for CIP and High Confidence Systems

• NSTC Committee structure
• CT Committee on Technology
• Networking, IT RD (NITRD)
• Subcommittee, blue book
• Infrastructure Subcommittee
• CIP RD Planning
• National CIP RD Plan
• CIIP RD Plan
• NITRD RD Planning - High Confidence Software and
  Systems (HCSS) Coordinating Group
• Large Scale Networking (LSN) Coordinating Group
• Cyber Security and Information Assurance (CSIA)
  Interagency Working Group

NSTC

CT
HNS
NITRD
Infrastructure

LSN
CSIA
HCSS
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NITRD HCSS Coordinating Group Assessment Actions

• Backdrop
• NSF/OSTP Critical Infrastructure Protection
  Workshop, Leesburg, VA, September 2002,
  http//www.eecs.berkeley.edu/CIP/
• NSF Workshop, on CIP for SCADA, Minneapolis MN,
  October 2003
• http//www.adventiumlabs.org/NSF-SCADA-IT-Workshop
  /index.html
• National Academies study Sufficient Evidence?
  Design for Certifiably Dependable Systems,
  http//www7.nationalacademies.org/cstb/project_dep
  endable.html
• National Coordination Office summary report(s)
  derived from workshops, industry input sessions,
  NAS study

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NITRD HCSS Coordinating Group Assessment Actions
Workshops

• High Confidence Medical Device Software and
  Systems (HCMDSS),
• Planning Workshop, Arlington VA, November 2004,
  http//www.cis.upenn.edu/hasten/hcmdss-planning/
• National RD Road-Mapping Workshop, Philadelphia,
  Pennsylvania, June 2005, http//www.cis.upenn.edu/
  hcmdss/
• High Confidence Aviation Systems
• Planning Workshop on Software for Critical
  Aviation Systems, Seattle, WA, November 21-22,
  2005
• National RD Road-Mapping Workshop, venue TBD,
  August 2006

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HCSS Workshops, continued

• High Confidence Critical Infrastructures Beyond
  SCADA and Distributed Control Systems
• Planning
• US Planning Workshop, Washington, DC, March
  14-15, 2006
• EU-US Collaboration Workshop, Framework Programme
  7 linkage, March 16-17, 2006
• US National RD Road-Mapping Workshop, October,
  2006

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HCSS Goal Assured Technology Base

• Coordinated control systems applications
• Unmanned autonomous air vehicles, automotive
  applications
• SCADA systems for power grid, pipeline control
• Remote, tele-operated surgery?
• OR, ICU, EMT of the future?
• Nano/bio devices
• Key areas for transformative research
• Open control platforms
• Reconfigurable coordinated control
• Computational and networking substrate
• Assured RTOS, networking, middleware, virtual
  machines
• Integral cyber security for system control
• Real-time Internet
• Assurance methods and software/system composition
  technology

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Other Current HCSS Actions Assessment of
Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) Technology Base

• Starting point single-system RTOS products,
  middleware appliqué for distributed systems,
  rudimentary open sensing and control platforms
  (incompatible schedulers, single-issue
  architectural assumptions, weak security
  services, )
• Needed Clean OS-level support for open,
  hierarchical control systems, dynamic topology,
  coordinated action
• So what are we doing about this?
• HCSS RTOS technology assessment, vendor
  non-disclosure briefings
• Integrators Adventium Laboratory, Boeing, Ford
  Motor Company, Lockheed Martin, MIT Lincoln
  Laboratory, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon. Rockwell
  Collins, MotoTron
• Technology Sun Microsystems, IBM, Microsoft,
  Honeywell, Red Hat, Wind River Systems, Green
  Hills, LinuxWorks, Real-Time Innovations, Inc.,
  QNX Software Systems, Ltd., BAE Systems, Kestrel
  Technology, BBN Technologies

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Cross-cutting High Confidence Computing
Technology Challenges

• Technical gaps identified
• Lack secure, interoperable, scalable real-time
  technology base
• System stack (RTOS, virtual machines, middleware)
  needs re-factoring, extension, scaling, e.g.
• Coordination (e.g., timed/synchronized, reactive)
• Dynamic hard/soft real-time scheduling
• System security services
• Recovery services
• Lack secure real-time networking capability for
  critical infrastructures
• Lack appropriate system and software
  architectures, and middleware components for
  high-confidence sensing and control systems
• Lack assured design and composition technology

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High-Confidence Software and Systems(HCSS)
Agencies

• Air Force Research Laboratories
• Army Research Office
• Department of Defense/ OSD
• Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
• Department of Energy
• Federal Aviation Administration
• Food and Drug Administration
• National Air Space Administration
• National Institutes of Health
• National Institute of Science and Technology
• National Science Foundation
• National Security Agency
• Office of Naval Research
• Cooperating agencies