United States Presidents

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United States Presidents
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George Washington1789-1797

• Commander in Chief of Continental Army
• Set precedents- two terms, cabinet
• Strengthen new government- use of force in
  Whiskey Rebellion
• Kept peace through Proclamation of Neutrality and
  Jay Treaty
• Farewell Address- set policy of isolationism

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John Adams1791-1801

• 1st vice-president 2nd president
• Undeclared war with France XYZ Affair
• Alien and Sedition Acts- attempted to eliminate
  opposition to Federalist Party-made Adams
  unpopular

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Thomas Jefferson1801-1809

• Wrote Declaration of Independence
• Favored limited, decentralized government
• Louisiana Purchase- sent Lewis and Clark to
  explore Louisiana Territory
• Embargo Act of 1807- resulted in hurt U.S. trade

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James Monroe1817-1825

• Purchased Florida (1819)
• Monroe Doctrine (1823)-U.S. foreign policy in
  Western hemisphere
• Era of Good Feelings (1815-1830)- time of peace,
  growing nationalism and internal improvements
  (roads and canals)

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Andrew Jackson1829-1837

• Hero of Battle of New Orleans (War of 1812)
• Democracy expanding convention system
• Expands presidential power spoils system
• Closes Bank of the United States
• Fights against nullification act
• Forced removal of Native Americans Trail of
  Tears

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James Polk1845-1849

• Supporter of Manifest Destiny
• Oregon Country (1846)
• Mexican-American War (1846-1848)
• Mexican Cession (1848)

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Abraham Lincoln1861-1865

• Opposed spread of slavery into territories
• 1st Republican president
• President during Civil War- expanded presidents
  power during wartime
• Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
• Lincolns plan for reconstruction

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Andrew Johnson1865-1869

• Became president after Lincolns assassination
• Disagreed with Congress (Radical Republicans)
  over Reconstruction
• Impeached by the House of Representatives, but
  not removed from office by Senate

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Theodore Roosevelt1901-1909

• Domestic program- Square Deal
• Progressive president- Trustbuster,
  conservationist, Meat Inspection Act Pure Food
  and Drug Act
• Roosevelt Corollary Big Stick Policy- U.S.
  would act as police force in Latin America
• Gentlemens Agreement
• Panama Canal

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Woodrow Wilson1913-1921

• Progressive president- New Freedom-enforcement of
  antitrust laws
• World War I (1917-1918)- U.S.entered because of
  Germanys unrestricted submarine warfare
• Fourteen Points- included freedom of seas,
  self-determination
• League of Nations- Senate refused to sign Treaty
  of Versailles and join the League

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Herbert Hoover1929-1933

• Oct. 29, 1929- Stock Market Crash
• Depression begins-Tried to restore confidence in
  economy, but did not believe government should
  become directly involved in economy
• Bonus Army- 1932, WWI veterans gathered in DC
  and Hoover sent in army to disperse veterans
• Took steps to use power of federal government,
  but lost to FDR in election

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Franklin D Roosevelt1933-1945

• New Deal
• AAA, WPA, CCC
• FDIC, Social Security Act, Minimum Wage
• Supreme Court- tried to increase of justices
• Good Neighbor Policy
• Internment of Japanese Americans

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Harry Truman1945-1953

• Atomic Bombs- end of World War II (1945)
• Cold War begins
• Truman Doctrine- policy of containment
• Marshall Plan- plan to rebuild Europe
• Domestic policy- Fair Deal- extend reforms of New
  Deal
• Korean War (1950-1953)

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Dwight Eisenhower1953-1961

• Domino Theory- if one nation fall to communism,
  others will
• Arms race- build up of nuclear weapons
• Eisenhower Doctrine- pledge to help Middle East
  resist communism
• Little Rock, Arkansas- sent troops to protect
  African American students
• Peaceful coexistence- 1955, relations between
  superpowers improved
• Space race- 1957 USSR launched Sputnik

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John F Kennedy1961-1963

• New Frontier
• Peace Corps
• Space program
• Alliance for Progress- improve relations with
  Latin America
• Bay of Pigs-failed attempt to remove Castro from
  power
• Cuban Missile Crisis- brinksmanship
• Berlin- pledge support to West Berlin after wall
  is built

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Lyndon B Johnson1963-1969

• Great Society Programs
• War on Poverty
• Medicare/ Medicaid
• Head Start
• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution-Lead to increased
  involvement in Vietnam War
• Civil Rights Act of 1964- turning point
• Voting Rights Act of 1965

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Richard Nixon1969-1974

• Vietnam War
• Vietnamization
• Bombing of Cambodia protest at Kent State
• Withdrawal of troops 1973 War Powers Act
• Détente with USSR and China
• Recognized China
• SALT agreement
• Watergate Affair
• United States v. Nixon president is not above
  the law
• Resignation public distrust of government

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Jimmy Carter1977-1981

• Oil Crisis- OPEC raised oil prices
• Panama Canal Treaty- control of canal returned to
  Panama in 1999
• Soviet invasion of Afghanistan- U.S. supported
  rebels
• Camp David Accords-peace agreement between Israel
  and Egypt
• Iranian hostage Crisis- failed rescue attempt

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Ronald Reagan1981-1989

• Reaganomics- supply-side economics
• Federal budget deficits- cut taxes and increased
  military spending
• Hard line against communism and Soviet Union
• Renewed Détente in 1985 when Gorbachev became
  leader of Soviet Union
• Iran-Contra Affair

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Bill Clinton1993-2000

• Attempted health care and social security reform
• Reduced federal deficit
• NAFTA
• Peacekeeping efforts-Bosnia, Somalia, Haiti
• Arab-Israeli Peace
• Scandals- Whitewater, impeachment

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George W Bush2001-2008

• Bush v. Gore
• Tax cuts- led to increase federal deficits
• War on Terrorism- Sept. 11th hunt for Bin Laden
  and al Qaeda
• Iraq War- WMDS remove Saddam Hussein from power
• Hurricane Katrina
• No Child Left Behind- education reform