Title: Biomass Energy in the Philippines: Assessment and Strategy Formulation
1Biomass Energy in the Philippines Assessment and
Strategy Formulation
- JESSIE C. ELAURIA, Ph.D.
- Associate Professor
- Project Leader
- UP Los Banos
2PART I. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT
- Fossil fuel reserves of the country include
- proven oil reserve of 24.2 million m3
- proven natural gas reserve of 3 trillion m3, and
- proven coal reserves of 236 million M tons
3Energy Consumption
- Total electricity generation capacity in the
country - 51.2 billion Kwh in 2003 - 61.9 thermal
- 15.8 hydro and
- 22.2 geothermal
- Growth rate - 5.9 per annum between 1999 and
2003 - Total energy consumption was 1.18 quadrillion Btu
4Carbon Emissions
- Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions were 64.5
million tonnes (approximately 0.3 of world
total) - The share of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels was
- 76.6 from oil,
- 17.0 from coal, and
- 6.4 from natural gas in 2002
5PART II. BIOMASS ENERGY
- Introduction
- Biomass energy is projected to play a major role
in meeting world energy demand in the future - Promoting deployment and diffusion of modern BETs
- vital for harnessing the potential of biomass
energy in the Philippines
6PART II. BIOMASS ENERGY
- Introduction
- In 2002, the countrys total primary energy
consumption was 254.4 million barrels of fuel oil
equivalent (MMBFOE) - Biomass, solar, and wind resources contributed a
total of 31 of the total primary energy
consumption
7Major Research Activities/Objectives
- The present study was carried out within the
framework of the Biomass Project of the ARRPEEC
Phase III. - Major objectives of the study were to
- Characterise and assess selected BETs
- Identify barriers to their introduction, and
strategies for overcoming them - Identify and analyse issues affecting transfer of
BETs
8CHARACTERISATION AND ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED BETS
- This study selected three BETs on the basis of
numerous factors including - diffusion potential
- cost effectiveness
- conformity with national development
- goals, and
- feasibility of local manufacturing
9CHARACTERISATION AND ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED BETS
- For the Philippines study, the selected
technologies were - Biomass-Fired Boiler for Power
- Generation
- Biogas System for Cooking
- Application
- Improved Cooked Stove
10Biomass-Fired Boiler for Power Generation
- The study considered a 2 MW communal power plant,
- Rice hull is first gasified and gas is burnt to
produce steam for power generation. - Thermal efficiency - 12, a capacity factor -
80, and a boiler efficiency - 74.
11Biomass-Fired Boiler for Power Generation
- The unit's total annual electricity generation is
12,996 MWh - 47 of this is allocated to meet the electricity
demand of the participating rice mills while
excess power will be sold to the grid - The payback period is approximately 3.5 years,
with 23 internal rate of return
12Biomass-Fired Boiler for Power Generation
- The estimated technical potential could increase
by as much as 52 from 1998 (102 MW) to 2001 (155
MW). - Compared to coal based power production as a
baseline (with a lower cost per unit of power
output), ricehull-fired facility is still not
comparable.
13Benefits and CO2 Mitigation and Emissions
Biomass-Fired Boiler for Power Generation
14Biogas System for Cooking Application
- The study considered a biogas system with a 6 m3
fixed-dome type digester, a 2 m3 hydraulic tank,
a 1.2 m3 mixing tank, and a 3 m3 gasholder. - Designed for a 30 head hog farm with annual
biogas production of 817 m3, which is equivalent
to 16,340 MJ/year.
15Biogas System for Cooking Application
- Annually, the system needs a total of 832
man-hours. - Internal rate of return is 138 giving a payback
period of 1 year. - Estimated technical potential of biogas
production from hog manure is 1.5 PJ in 2002,
with a projected potential of 1.9 PJ in 2010.
16Benefits and CO2 Mitigation and Emissions Biogas
System
17Improved Domestic Stove FPRDI Charcoal Stove
- The study selected a charcoal stove developed by
the Forest Product Research and Development
Institute (FPRDI). - One of the few of the existing stoves in the
country that is considered highly efficient. - Reported efficiency - 33, the highest of the
available stoves
18Improved Domestic Stove FPRDI Charcoal Stove
- The stove consumes 0.6 kg charcoal per hour and
operation is simple. - It has an annual heat generation of 2.970 GJ,
and its cost per unit of heat output is USD
27.06/GJ. - The technical potential for the FPRDI stove is
3.314 million units. The FPRDI Stove costs USD 3
which is much lower than the cost of either LPG
or kerosene stoves.
19Benefits and CO2 Mitigation and Emissions
Improved Domestic Stove
20BARRIERS TO SELECTED BETS
- There are many barriers to expanding the use of
modern BETs. - In order to analyse and address these barriers,
they were ranked using Analytical Hierarchy
Process (AHP) methodology based on the following
criteria - Impact of removal
- Ease of removal
- Responses of researchers, manufacturers, policy
personnel, and users were considered in ranking
barriers.
21Hierarchy for the ranking of barriers to selected
BETs
22STRATEGIES TO REMOVE BARRIERS AND PROMOTE BETs
- The study proposed several policy measures aimed
at mitigating or removing the perceived barriers
to the adoption of BETs. - Policies to address barriers were examined
separately for each technology.
23BARRIERS AND MEASURES Biomass-Fired Boiler
24BARRIERS AND MEASURES Biomass-Fired Boiler
25BARRIERS AND MEASURES Biomass-Fired Boiler
26BARRIERS AND MEASURES Biogas System
27BARRIERS AND MEASURES Biogas System
28BARRIERS AND MEASURES Improved Cooking Stoves
29BARRIERS AND MEASURES Improved Cooking Stoves
30BARRIERS AND MEASURES Improved Cooking Stoves
31Key Strategies for Promoting Selected BETs in the
Philippines
- Government policies and incentives have created a
framework favourable to the conventional systems - The promotion of BETs needs more than just
policies and incentives. - It requires a framework of strategies meant not
just for energy delivery and access, but which
support sustainable development as well. - The study recommends the following key programs
to address the barriers to the deployment of the
selected BETs in Philippines.
32Capacity Building Programme
- Comprehensive learning and understanding among
concerned stakeholders of the sector. - The capacity building programme can be in the
form of training, seminars, workshops, technical
assistance, conferences, consultations, meetings
and special activities.
33Information Dissemination Programme
- Comprehensive information on BETs, including
- related government policies and incentives,
- current service providers,
- potential community and business users.
- Moreover, aim to encourage the target
stakeholders to seek more specialized information
about BETs. - An effective information dissemination program
through an appropriate public awareness campaign.
34Renewable Energy Information Network (REIN)
- Establishment of the REIN accompanied by an
Information Focal Centre (IFC), acting as a hub
for the dissemination of information on RETs
through the web and other media. - It should be a network of information sources and
should coordinate all information dissemination
tasks.
35Financing Mechanism Programme
- Accessible credit facilities will be provided to
potential borrowers by this programme - Several schemes are recommended including leasing
programmes and micro-credit financing.
36Institutional Strengthening Programme
- Coordination among different institutions and
stakeholders can be done by strengthening the
existing Renewable Energy Network (REN) - Establishing a onestop window to assist in the
processing of documents, permits and clearances
for BETs.
37Policy Measures
- In the form of production incentives such as
per-kilowatt-hour payments or tax credits - Guaranteed power purchase agreements at
favourable rates
38TRANSFER OF SELECTED BETS Current Assessment
- The Philippine Department of Energy's programmes
on New and Renewable Energy and Power Development
can strongly support the development of NRE
resources - The DOE pursues continuous development and use of
new and renewable energy as a strategy to attain
energy self-sufficiency and environmental
protection.
39TRANSFER OF SELECTED BETS Current Assessment
- One major strategy of the Philippine government
under PEP 2003-2012 in ensuring a stable and
secure energy supply is to enhance utilisation of
renewable energy. - It encourages private sector participation
including foreign investment in the exploration
and utilisation of these energy resources, and in
the manufacturing of renewable energy systems and
components.
40TRANSFER OF SELECTED BETS Current Assessment
- The DOST is geared towards scientific and
technological research and development in all
areas including RETs. - DOSTs RD institutes, the Forest Products
Research and Development Institute (FPRDI), works
on efficient utilization of forest-based biomass
resources.
41TRANSFER OF SELECTED BETS Current Assessment
- The DOSTs Industrial Technology Development
Institute (ITDI) is engaged in adaptive RD on
new and advanced energy conversion technologies. - Only DOSTs International Technology Cooperation
Unit (ITCU) is mandated to carry out
international technology transfer activities.
42TRANSFER OF SELECTED BETS Current Assessment
- The country has numerous foreign direct
investment policies related to the development of
renewable technologies. - These policies work to make investment attractive
to private sector, and to extend fiscal
incentives to renewable energy operations.
43Barriers and measures to successful transfer of
BETs
44Barriers and measures to successful transfer of
BETs
45Barriers and measures to successful transfer of
BETs
46Barriers and measures to successful transfer of
BETs
47Barriers and measures to successful transfer of
BETs
48Barriers and measures to successful transfer of
BETs
49Barriers and measures to successful transfer of
BETs
50GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
- The Biomass Energy Technologies examined have
considerable potential to reduce GHG emissions in
the Philippines. - All bring significant additional benefits in
terms of waste reduction, quality of life
improvements, and efficient use of existing
biomass resources. - Barriers do exist, but the long-term benefits
more than offset the difficult task of removing
these barriers.
51GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
- Existing policies must be revised or
- new and more favourable ones be developed to
- encourage transfer of BETs and
- help address our dependence on imported fuel,
- improve the living conditions of our people and
- mitigate climate change.
52Capacity Development and Dissemination Activities
- a. Publications
- The Philippines Recommends for Agricultural Waste
Processing and Management. Philippine Council for
Agricultural, Forestry, and Natural Resources
Research and Development (PCARRD), Los Baños,
Laguna. 2004. - The Philippines Pitches in to Contain Global
Warming. University of the Philippines Los Baños
HORIZON. Volume 5. No. 5. April 2003. - Experts Discuss Climate Change. University of the
Philippines Los Baños HORIZON. Volume 5. No. 4.
March 2003.
53(No Transcript)
54Papers presented
- Sustainable Use of Biomass as Greenhouse Gas
Mitigation Option in the Philippines. Paper
presented during the Biomass Asia Workshop held
on January 19-21, 2005 at Tokyo and Tsukuba,
Japan. - Potential and Status of Biomass Energy
Technologies in the Philippines. Paper presented
during Forest Product Research and Development
Institute (FPRDI) Planning Workshop held at FPRDI
Conference Room, FPRDI, Los Baños, Laguna on June
4-6, 2003. - Energy Security Economic and Policy
Implications. Paper presented during the Energy
Forum held at UP Diliman on September 24, 2004
55 Conferences/Workshop/Seminars Attended
- Nine (9) international and local
conferences/workshops attended related to BETs - - BiomassAsia Workshop held on January
19-21, 2005 at Tokyo and Tsukuba, Japan.
56Fellowship
- First Annual Review and Final Annual Review
Workshops held at Asian Institute of Technology
Bangkok, Thailand. - Two project team members attended a total of 4
man-month fellowship at Asian Institute of
Technology Bangkok, Thailand.
57Networking/linkages with other research
institutions
- The Project Team continued to push the Biomass
Programme through the conduct of joint researches
with other national research agencies. - The Team Leader worked with PCARRD as member of
their Agricultural Engineering RDE Network. - Participated in several workshops related to
energy and is working with Southern Tagalog
Council on Energy and Industry Research and
Development as Regional Technical Working Group
Coordinator. - The team leader also worked with Bureau of
Agricultural Research of the Department of
Agriculture as AE RDE National
58THE END
Thank you