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Biomass Energy in the Philippines: Assessment and Strategy Formulation

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Designed for a 30 head hog farm with annual biogas production of 817 m3, which ... technical potential of biogas production from hog manure is 1.5 PJ in 2002, with ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Biomass Energy in the Philippines: Assessment and Strategy Formulation


1
Biomass Energy in the Philippines Assessment and
Strategy Formulation
  • JESSIE C. ELAURIA, Ph.D.
  • Associate Professor
  • Project Leader
  • UP Los Banos

2
PART I. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT
  • Fossil fuel reserves of the country include
  • proven oil reserve of 24.2 million m3
  • proven natural gas reserve of 3 trillion m3, and
  • proven coal reserves of 236 million M tons

3
Energy Consumption
  • Total electricity generation capacity in the
    country - 51.2 billion Kwh in 2003
  • 61.9 thermal
  • 15.8 hydro and
  • 22.2 geothermal
  • Growth rate - 5.9 per annum between 1999 and
    2003
  • Total energy consumption was 1.18 quadrillion Btu

4
Carbon Emissions
  • Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions were 64.5
    million tonnes (approximately 0.3 of world
    total)
  • The share of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels was
  • 76.6 from oil,
  • 17.0 from coal, and
  • 6.4 from natural gas in 2002

5
PART II. BIOMASS ENERGY
  • Introduction
  • Biomass energy is projected to play a major role
    in meeting world energy demand in the future
  • Promoting deployment and diffusion of modern BETs
    - vital for harnessing the potential of biomass
    energy in the Philippines

6
PART II. BIOMASS ENERGY
  • Introduction
  • In 2002, the countrys total primary energy
    consumption was 254.4 million barrels of fuel oil
    equivalent (MMBFOE)
  • Biomass, solar, and wind resources contributed a
    total of 31 of the total primary energy
    consumption

7
Major Research Activities/Objectives
  • The present study was carried out within the
    framework of the Biomass Project of the ARRPEEC
    Phase III.
  • Major objectives of the study were to
  • Characterise and assess selected BETs
  • Identify barriers to their introduction, and
    strategies for overcoming them
  • Identify and analyse issues affecting transfer of
    BETs

8
CHARACTERISATION AND ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED BETS
  • This study selected three BETs on the basis of
    numerous factors including
  • diffusion potential
  • cost effectiveness
  • conformity with national development
  • goals, and
  • feasibility of local manufacturing

9
CHARACTERISATION AND ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED BETS
  • For the Philippines study, the selected
    technologies were
  • Biomass-Fired Boiler for Power
  • Generation
  • Biogas System for Cooking
  • Application
  • Improved Cooked Stove

10
Biomass-Fired Boiler for Power Generation
  • The study considered a 2 MW communal power plant,
  • Rice hull is first gasified and gas is burnt to
    produce steam for power generation.
  • Thermal efficiency - 12, a capacity factor -
    80, and a boiler efficiency - 74.

11
Biomass-Fired Boiler for Power Generation
  • The unit's total annual electricity generation is
    12,996 MWh
  • 47 of this is allocated to meet the electricity
    demand of the participating rice mills while
    excess power will be sold to the grid
  • The payback period is approximately 3.5 years,
    with 23 internal rate of return

12
Biomass-Fired Boiler for Power Generation
  • The estimated technical potential could increase
    by as much as 52 from 1998 (102 MW) to 2001 (155
    MW).
  • Compared to coal based power production as a
    baseline (with a lower cost per unit of power
    output), ricehull-fired facility is still not
    comparable.

13
Benefits and CO2 Mitigation and Emissions
Biomass-Fired Boiler for Power Generation
14
Biogas System for Cooking Application
  • The study considered a biogas system with a 6 m3
    fixed-dome type digester, a 2 m3 hydraulic tank,
    a 1.2 m3 mixing tank, and a 3 m3 gasholder.
  • Designed for a 30 head hog farm with annual
    biogas production of 817 m3, which is equivalent
    to 16,340 MJ/year.

15
Biogas System for Cooking Application
  • Annually, the system needs a total of 832
    man-hours.
  • Internal rate of return is 138 giving a payback
    period of 1 year.
  • Estimated technical potential of biogas
    production from hog manure is 1.5 PJ in 2002,
    with a projected potential of 1.9 PJ in 2010.

16
Benefits and CO2 Mitigation and Emissions Biogas
System
17
Improved Domestic Stove FPRDI Charcoal Stove
  • The study selected a charcoal stove developed by
    the Forest Product Research and Development
    Institute (FPRDI).
  • One of the few of the existing stoves in the
    country that is considered highly efficient.
  • Reported efficiency - 33, the highest of the
    available stoves

18
Improved Domestic Stove FPRDI Charcoal Stove
  • The stove consumes 0.6 kg charcoal per hour and
    operation is simple.
  • It has an annual heat generation of 2.970 GJ,
    and its cost per unit of heat output is USD
    27.06/GJ.
  • The technical potential for the FPRDI stove is
    3.314 million units. The FPRDI Stove costs USD 3
    which is much lower than the cost of either LPG
    or kerosene stoves.

19
Benefits and CO2 Mitigation and Emissions
Improved Domestic Stove
20
BARRIERS TO SELECTED BETS
  • There are many barriers to expanding the use of
    modern BETs.
  • In order to analyse and address these barriers,
    they were ranked using Analytical Hierarchy
    Process (AHP) methodology based on the following
    criteria
  • Impact of removal
  • Ease of removal
  • Responses of researchers, manufacturers, policy
    personnel, and users were considered in ranking
    barriers.

21
Hierarchy for the ranking of barriers to selected
BETs
22
STRATEGIES TO REMOVE BARRIERS AND PROMOTE BETs
  • The study proposed several policy measures aimed
    at mitigating or removing the perceived barriers
    to the adoption of BETs.
  • Policies to address barriers were examined
    separately for each technology.

23
BARRIERS AND MEASURES Biomass-Fired Boiler
24
BARRIERS AND MEASURES Biomass-Fired Boiler
25
BARRIERS AND MEASURES Biomass-Fired Boiler
26
BARRIERS AND MEASURES Biogas System
27
BARRIERS AND MEASURES Biogas System
28
BARRIERS AND MEASURES Improved Cooking Stoves
29
BARRIERS AND MEASURES Improved Cooking Stoves
30
BARRIERS AND MEASURES Improved Cooking Stoves
31
Key Strategies for Promoting Selected BETs in the
Philippines
  • Government policies and incentives have created a
    framework favourable to the conventional systems
  • The promotion of BETs needs more than just
    policies and incentives.
  • It requires a framework of strategies meant not
    just for energy delivery and access, but which
    support sustainable development as well.
  • The study recommends the following key programs
    to address the barriers to the deployment of the
    selected BETs in Philippines.

32
Capacity Building Programme
  • Comprehensive learning and understanding among
    concerned stakeholders of the sector.
  • The capacity building programme can be in the
    form of training, seminars, workshops, technical
    assistance, conferences, consultations, meetings
    and special activities.

33
Information Dissemination Programme
  • Comprehensive information on BETs, including
  • related government policies and incentives,
  • current service providers,
  • potential community and business users.
  • Moreover, aim to encourage the target
    stakeholders to seek more specialized information
    about BETs.
  • An effective information dissemination program
    through an appropriate public awareness campaign.

34
Renewable Energy Information Network (REIN)
  • Establishment of the REIN accompanied by an
    Information Focal Centre (IFC), acting as a hub
    for the dissemination of information on RETs
    through the web and other media.
  • It should be a network of information sources and
    should coordinate all information dissemination
    tasks.

35
Financing Mechanism Programme
  • Accessible credit facilities will be provided to
    potential borrowers by this programme
  • Several schemes are recommended including leasing
    programmes and micro-credit financing.

36
Institutional Strengthening Programme
  • Coordination among different institutions and
    stakeholders can be done by strengthening the
    existing Renewable Energy Network (REN)
  • Establishing a onestop window to assist in the
    processing of documents, permits and clearances
    for BETs.

37
Policy Measures
  • In the form of production incentives such as
    per-kilowatt-hour payments or tax credits
  • Guaranteed power purchase agreements at
    favourable rates

38
TRANSFER OF SELECTED BETS Current Assessment
  • The Philippine Department of Energy's programmes
    on New and Renewable Energy and Power Development
    can strongly support the development of NRE
    resources
  • The DOE pursues continuous development and use of
    new and renewable energy as a strategy to attain
    energy self-sufficiency and environmental
    protection.

39
TRANSFER OF SELECTED BETS Current Assessment
  • One major strategy of the Philippine government
    under PEP 2003-2012 in ensuring a stable and
    secure energy supply is to enhance utilisation of
    renewable energy.
  • It encourages private sector participation
    including foreign investment in the exploration
    and utilisation of these energy resources, and in
    the manufacturing of renewable energy systems and
    components.

40
TRANSFER OF SELECTED BETS Current Assessment
  • The DOST is geared towards scientific and
    technological research and development in all
    areas including RETs.
  • DOSTs RD institutes, the Forest Products
    Research and Development Institute (FPRDI), works
    on efficient utilization of forest-based biomass
    resources.

41
TRANSFER OF SELECTED BETS Current Assessment
  • The DOSTs Industrial Technology Development
    Institute (ITDI) is engaged in adaptive RD on
    new and advanced energy conversion technologies.
  • Only DOSTs International Technology Cooperation
    Unit (ITCU) is mandated to carry out
    international technology transfer activities.

42
TRANSFER OF SELECTED BETS Current Assessment
  • The country has numerous foreign direct
    investment policies related to the development of
    renewable technologies.
  • These policies work to make investment attractive
    to private sector, and to extend fiscal
    incentives to renewable energy operations.

43
Barriers and measures to successful transfer of
BETs
44
Barriers and measures to successful transfer of
BETs
45
Barriers and measures to successful transfer of
BETs
46
Barriers and measures to successful transfer of
BETs
47
Barriers and measures to successful transfer of
BETs
48
Barriers and measures to successful transfer of
BETs
49
Barriers and measures to successful transfer of
BETs
50
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
  • The Biomass Energy Technologies examined have
    considerable potential to reduce GHG emissions in
    the Philippines.
  • All bring significant additional benefits in
    terms of waste reduction, quality of life
    improvements, and efficient use of existing
    biomass resources.
  • Barriers do exist, but the long-term benefits
    more than offset the difficult task of removing
    these barriers.

51
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
  • Existing policies must be revised or
  • new and more favourable ones be developed to
  • encourage transfer of BETs and
  • help address our dependence on imported fuel,
  • improve the living conditions of our people and
  • mitigate climate change.

52
Capacity Development and Dissemination Activities
  • a. Publications
  • The Philippines Recommends for Agricultural Waste
    Processing and Management. Philippine Council for
    Agricultural, Forestry, and Natural Resources
    Research and Development (PCARRD), Los Baños,
    Laguna. 2004.
  • The Philippines Pitches in to Contain Global
    Warming. University of the Philippines Los Baños
    HORIZON. Volume 5. No. 5. April 2003.
  • Experts Discuss Climate Change. University of the
    Philippines Los Baños HORIZON. Volume 5. No. 4.
    March 2003.

53
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54
Papers presented
  • Sustainable Use of Biomass as Greenhouse Gas
    Mitigation Option in the Philippines. Paper
    presented during the Biomass Asia Workshop held
    on January 19-21, 2005 at Tokyo and Tsukuba,
    Japan.
  • Potential and Status of Biomass Energy
    Technologies in the Philippines. Paper presented
    during Forest Product Research and Development
    Institute (FPRDI) Planning Workshop held at FPRDI
    Conference Room, FPRDI, Los Baños, Laguna on June
    4-6, 2003.
  • Energy Security Economic and Policy
    Implications. Paper presented during the Energy
    Forum held at UP Diliman on September 24, 2004

55
Conferences/Workshop/Seminars Attended
  • Nine (9) international and local
    conferences/workshops attended related to BETs
  • - BiomassAsia Workshop held on January
    19-21, 2005 at Tokyo and Tsukuba, Japan.

56
Fellowship
  • First Annual Review and Final Annual Review
    Workshops held at Asian Institute of Technology
    Bangkok, Thailand.
  • Two project team members attended a total of 4
    man-month fellowship at Asian Institute of
    Technology Bangkok, Thailand.

57
Networking/linkages with other research
institutions
  • The Project Team continued to push the Biomass
    Programme through the conduct of joint researches
    with other national research agencies.
  • The Team Leader worked with PCARRD as member of
    their Agricultural Engineering RDE Network.
  • Participated in several workshops related to
    energy and is working with Southern Tagalog
    Council on Energy and Industry Research and
    Development as Regional Technical Working Group
    Coordinator.
  • The team leader also worked with Bureau of
    Agricultural Research of the Department of
    Agriculture as AE RDE National

58
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