F-14 RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE IN JUVENILE CORRECTIONS Embedding Research in a Large Scale Treatment Program

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F-14 RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE IN JUVENILE
CORRECTIONSEmbedding Research in a Large Scale
TreatmentProgram

• Barry Burkhart, Ph.D., ABPP - Auburn
  UniversityPatrick Cook, M.S. - Auburn
  UniversityRay Sumrall, Ph.D. - University of
  Alabama

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History

• 1999 Alabama State legislature mandated all
  juvenile sex offenders be treated.
• Department of Youth Services (DYS) ill-equipped
  to respond to mandate.
• Consortium between Auburn University Department
  of Psychology and University of Alabama
  Department of Social Work responded.
  Public-Public partnership founded.

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History, continued

• Best Practices Model
• Required DYS to strive for excellence
• Constant program evaluation and review
• Empirical Foundation
• Student Assessment (e.g.., pre-treatment,
  post-treatment)
• -Program Assessment (e.g., staff interventions,
  treatment components)

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State of Alabama - Department of Youth Services
Mt. Meigs Correctional Facility
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Accountability Based Sexual Offender Program
(ABSOP) Mt. Meigs Correctional Facility
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Assessment Fundamentals

• 3 Fundamental Goals
• Rich and accurate clinical assessment to
  facilitate and focus treatment services
• Serves as the foundation of a sound empirical
  database from which theoretical and practical
  assumptions can be measured
• Allow for accurate and conceptually articulated
  assessment of outcomes

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Comprehensive Assessment Protocol

• Pre-treatment Assessment Battery
• -Extensive multi-dimensional Clinical Interview
  (e.g., adjudicating offense information, history
  of trauma/abuse/neglect, medical history, family,
  school/peers)
• -Intellectual Assessment
• -Achievement Assessment
• -Current/Past Psychopathology
• -Personality Assessment/Psychopathy
• -Actuarial Risk of Re-offense

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Comprehensive Assessment Protocol, continued

• Post-Treatment Assessment Battery
• -Post Treatment Interview/Oral Examination
• -Actuarial Risk of Re-offending
• -Intelligence Assessment
• -Achievement Assessment
• -Personality Testing
• -Psychopathology
• -Therapist/Case Manager Ratings
• -Performance in Individual/Group Treatment
• -Overall Rating of Success

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Offender Demographics

• 772 Offenders (586 JSOs, 184 NJSOs) since 2000
• Avg. Age 16.01 Years (SD 1.53 Years) Avg.
  Grade 8.67 Grade (SD 1.99 Grade)
• Racial composition Caucasian (50.7), African
  American (46.0), Bi-racial (1.7), Hispanic
  (1.0), and Other (0.6)
• Most frequent JSO charges Sexual Abuse, 1st
  Degree (30), Sodomy, 1st Degree (17.6), Rape,
  1st Degree (14) and Sexual Misconduct (11.3)
• Most frequent NJSO Theft of Property (18.3),
  Burglary (13.9), and drug offenses (13.8).

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Database

• Data has informed treatment and program decisions
• Comparisons JSO vs. NJSO
• Offender Types (cluster analysis)
• Outcome Measures (Pre-Treatment/Post-treatment)

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Comparisons JSO vs. NJSO

• Are Juvenile sex offenders different compared
  to delinquent, non-sex offending peers?
• Treatment/Program implications
• Examined 716 offenders (N554 JSOs, 162 NJSOs)
• Personality, IQ, Achievement, psychopathy ,
  psychopathology

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JSO vs. NJSO Comparisons

• The Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI)
• Self-report inventory specifically designed to
  measure unique psychosocial concerns, personality
  styles, and clinical symptoms via a true-false
  format.
• The Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version
  (K-SADS-PL)
• A semi-structured interview protocol is designed
  to assess 82 current and past symptoms related to
  20 different diagnostic areas found within the
  DSM-IV.
• Hare Psychopathy Checklist Youth Version
  (PCLYV)
• Consists of a semi-structured interview and
  review of collateral information to measure
  interpersonal, affective, and behavioral features
  of psychopathy.
• The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WASI)
• Uses the vocabulary, similarities, block design
  and matrix reasoning subtests similar to those of
  the WAIS to provide an estimate of full scale IQ.
• The Wide Range Achievement Test-3rd edition
  (WRAT-3)
• A brief achievement test measuring reading
  recognition, spelling, and arithmetic computation

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Juvenile Sex Offender Clusters

• Juvenile sexual offenders heterogeneous
• Victim selection (e.g., peer-age, child-
  molester, mixed pattern) incomplete in providing
  useful treatment information
• Empirically derived heterogeneous groups formed
  based on personality traits
• Treatment/program implications

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Clusters, contd.

• 440 Juvenile Sexual Offenders
• Five cluster solution based on MACI scores
• Broadly Disturbed(N42 9.5)
• Anxious/Submissive/Passive (N171 38.9)
• Dysthymic/Shame/Negative Self-Image (N94 21.4)
• Narcissistic Delinquent (N83 18.8)
• Distressed Delinquent (N50 11.4)

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Outcome Measures

• Is treatment effective?
• Comparison of Pre-treatment and Post-treatment
  measures
• Personality Functioning
• Actuarial Measure of Re-offending
• Psychopathology

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Iatrogenic Effects
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Conclusion

• Base line data critical/essential
• Empirical evaluation of effectiveness
• Need to be able/open to make changes informed, in
  part, by data.