Lesson 11 Dietary and Management Strategies to Modify the Nutrients in Poultry Manure and Litter

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Lesson 11Dietary and Management Strategies to
Modify the Nutrients in Poultry Manure and Litter

• By Paul H. Patterson
• Penn State University

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Introduction

• Reasons for nutrient management/water quality
• Personal reasons
• Company
• Government regulations
• Options for litter/manure
• Feed
• Fuel
• Fertilizer

Using Dietary and Management Strategies to
Reduce the Nutrient Excretion of Poultry
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Tracking Nitrogen in Broilers
18.3
30.6
51.1
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Tracking Phosphorus in Broilers
35.0
57.4
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Broiler Example

• 20,000 birds/flock, 6 flocks/year
• 4.5-lb final weight, 37 animal units (AU)
• 37 AU ? 2 AU/acre 18 acres required

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Broiler Example
lbs/acre Beyond Manure 42,960 lbs (129 t)
(7.2 t/acre) corn req Total-N 10,128
lbs 563 4.3X P2O5 7,932 lbs 441 7.7X
K2O 5,508 lbs 306 7.3X
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Dietary Strategies for N

• Formulate on amino acids (AA), not CP.
• Optimize dietary AA with requirementIdeal
  Protein.

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NRC Requirement vs. 23 CP Corn/Soy Diet
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Dietary Strategies for N(continued)

• Formulate on amino acids (AA), not CP.
• Optimize dietary AA with requirementIdeal
  Protein.

• Phase-feed for current weight/production.

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Dietary Strategies for N(continued)

• Formulate on amino acids (AA), not CP.
• Optimize dietary AA with requirementIdeal
  Protein.
• Phase-feed for current weight/production.

• Use ingredient's True AA Digestibility.

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Dietary Strategies for N(continued)

• Formulate on amino acids (AA), not CP.
• Optimize dietary AA with requirementIdeal
  Protein.
• Phase-feed for current weight/production.
• Use ingredient's True AA Digestibility.

• Select ingredients with low nutritional
  variability.

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Meat Meal Variation
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Dietary Strategies for N(continued)

• Formulate on amino acids (AA), not CP.
• Optimize dietary AA with requirementIdeal
  Protein.
• Phase-feed for current weight/production.
• Use ingredient's True AA Digestibility.
• Select ingredients with low nutritional
  variability.

• Use feed additives/enzymes.

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Dietary Strategies for N(continued)

• Formulate on amino acids (AA), not CP.
• Optimize dietary AA with requirementIdeal
  Protein.
• Phase-feed for current weight/production.
• Use ingredient's True AA Digestibility.
• Select ingredients with low nutritional
  variability.
• Use feed additives/enzymes.

• Avoid/control anti-nutritional factors.

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Management Strategies for N

• Minimize moisture contamination of litter.

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Management Strategies for N (continued)

• Compost litter/manure to a stable endpoint.

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Management Strategies for N (continued)

• Implement rapid-drying technologies.

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Management Strategies for N (continued)

• Use litter amendments for N and NH3 control.
• Reduce bird stress and maintain health.
• Use sex-separate rearing.

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Management Strategies for N (continued)

• Recycle fecal N via poultry/livestock feeding
  systems.

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Management Strategies for N (continued)

• Export litter/manure when total N exceeds
  capacity.

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Management Strategies for N (continued)

• Minimize moisture contamination of litter.
• Compost litter/manure to a stable endpoint.
• Implement rapid-drying technologies.
• Use litter amendments for N and NH3 control.
• Reduce bird stress and maintain health.
• Use sex-separate rearing.
• Recycle fecal N via poultry/livestock feeding
  systems.
• Export litter/manure when total N exceeds
  capacity.

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Dietary Strategies for P

• Meet, but do not exceed, the P requirement.

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Dietary Strategies for P(continued)

• Meet but, do not exceed, the P requirement.

• Select ingredients with readily available P.
• Plant (phytic acid) vs. animal sources

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Dietary Strategies for P(continued)

• Meet, but do not exceed, the P requirement.
• Select ingredients with readily available P.
• Plant (phytic acid) vs. animal sources

• Mineral sources

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Phosphate Supplement Comparison
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Dietary Strategies for P(continued)

• Meet, but do not exceed, the P requirement.
• Select ingredients with readily available P.
• Plant (phytic acid) vs. animal sources
• Mineral sources

• Impact of dietary calcium

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Dietary Strategies for P(continued)

• Meet, but do not exceed, the P requirement.
• Select ingredients with readily available P.

• Use effective Vitamin D levels and compounds.

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Dietary Strategies for P(continued)

• Meet, but do not exceed, the P requirement.
• Select ingredients with readily available P.
• Use effective Vitamin D levels and compounds.

• Use additives/enzymes to enhance utilization.

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Management Strategies for P

• Minimize bird stress.

• Use litter amendments to stabilize soluble P.

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Management Strategies for P(continued)

• Minimize bird stress.
• Use litter amendments to stabilize soluble P.

• Recycle fecal P to poultry/livestock feeding
  systems.
• Anaerobic digester residue
• Lagoon residue
• Incinerator ash
• Silage from litter/manure

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Management Strategies for P(continued)

• Minimize bird stress.
• Use litter amendments to stabilize soluble P.
• Recycle fecal P to poultry/livestock feeding
  systems.

• Export litter/manure when total exceeds capacity.

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Summary

• Numerous dietary and management strategies exist
  to reduce N excretions.
• Numerous dietary and management strategies exist
  to reduce P excretions.
• Legislative cautiona. Let the science precede
  the regulations.b. Do not let regulatory
  language restrict innovation and new
  technologies.

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Funding
This material is based upon work supported by the
Cooperative State Research, Education, and
Extension Service, U.S. Department of
Agriculture the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, the National Agriculture Assistance
Center and the University of Nebraska
Cooperative Extension, University of
Nebraska-Lincoln, under Cooperative Agreement
Number 97-EXCA-3-0642.