PROJECT LIFETCY98/CY/167 INTEGRATED INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL AND CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES IPPC-The Situation in Cyprus

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PROJECT LIFETCY98/CY/167INTEGRATED INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTION CONTROL AND CHEMICAL
SUBSTANCESIPPC-The Situation in Cyprus

• Leandros Nicolaides
• Senior Labour Inspection Officer
• Department of Labour Inspection
• Ministry of Labour Social Insurance

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The Cyprus Situation - 1

• Population 751 500 of whom
• 639 200 Greek Cypriots
• 88 200 Turkish Cypriots
• Area 9 251 sq. Km
• 10 000 Industrial Installations generating
  wastes other than municipal

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The Cyprus Situation - 2

• Amounts of Industrial Wastes
• - Solid 84 000 t/a
• - Liquid 3.1 mil. M3/a

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Cyprus is a member of

• The 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary
  Air Pollution and
• The EMEP Protocol to the Convention

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Air Emissions
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Cyprus - SO2 Emitter- Receiver, t/a
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Cyprus - NO2 Emitter- Receiver, t/a
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SO2 Emissions, Kg/head1999 Data

• Belgium 24,5
• Germany 15,9
• Spain 57,3
• Sweden 7,6
• UK 22
• Greece 57,2
• CYPRUS 75,3 will be lt60 by 2010

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THE IPPC DIRECTIVE

• Based on the E .C. 5th Environmental Action
  Programme, adopted in 1993.
• Adopted in 1996
• Into effect October 1999

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THE IPPC DIRECTIVE - One of the three
approaches in E.U.

• 1. Command - and Control e.g. LCP Directive.
• 2. Flexible legislation e.g. IPPC Directive.
• 3. Voluntary/Market -based e.g. EMAS
  Regulation, emissions trading scheme

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IPPC - BASIC PROVISIONS

• Purpose
• To achieve integrated prevention and
  control of pollution from a wide range of
  activities by the introduction of measures which
  will reduce air, water and land pollution,
  considering the environment as a whole.

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Six main categories

• 1. Energy
• 2. Production/processing of metals
• 3. Mineral industry
• 4. Chemical industry
• 5. Waste management
• 6. Other (pulp and paper, tanning, certain
  agricultural installations)

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General Principles

• Application of BATs
• Avoidance of Waste production
• Recovery of wastes where possible
• Disposal avoiding or reducing any impact on the
  environment
• Efficient use of energy
• Accident prevention and mitigation
• Return of the site to a satisfactory state.

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Permitting Procedure

• Integrated approach - full co-ordination of the
  Authorities involved
• Permit conditions based on BATs

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BATs

• Concept plays central role in the Directive
• Best means ..
• Available means .
• Techniques means
• Information Exchange on BATs

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Information Exchange on BATs

• 1. Reporting to Commission by M.S.
• 2. BREFS
• Industrial activities grouped in about 30 sectors
• Cross - sectoral issues (horizontal BREFS)
• Responsibility for BREFS DG- Envir.
• Techn.Work Eur. IPPC Bureau, Seville

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IPPC - DIRECTIVE

• Conclusions of a Workshop
• The Hague , April 2001

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• 1. One of the most difficult Directives.
• 2. Contributes to innovation, economic and
  social cohesion, fair competition
• 3. Permit required. Ideally 1 permit, 1
  authority, 1 procedure.
• 4. It is flexible.

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• 5. Application of BAT requires technical
  resources.
• 6. BREFS are living documents, should not serve
  as an Act.
• 7. Constructive dialogue is useful.
• 8. Public participation/information dissemination
  are vital components of the Directive.

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• 9. Confidentiality of information is of
  particular interest.
• 10. Presupposes the development of
  Administrative structures and scientific
  knowledge.
• 11. Training of Authorities and Inspectors is
  important.
• 13. Synergies among IPPC, EIA, SEVESO, EMAS.

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THE CYPRUS SITUATION

• 30 Industrial Installations
• 72 Installations for the Raising of
  Pigs or Poultry
• Belonging to
• 15 Categories altogether

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The 15 categories

• 1. Landfill sites
• 2. Ceramic and Tiles
• 3. Lime
• 4. Cement
• 5. Energy
• 6. Rendering
• 7. Metal Plating

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The 15 Categories cond.

• 8. Mineral oil
• 9. Refineries
• 10. Slaughter Houses
• 11. Metal foundries
• 12. Hydrometallurgical Processes
• 13. Aluminium Recycling
• 14. Piggeries
• 15. Poultry Raising

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All 15 categories
known/assessed

• All Industrial Installations licensed under the
  Atmospheric Pollution Control Law and the
  Waters Pollution Control Law
• Only a few of the Pigs/Poultry Farms licensed
  under the Waters Pollution Control Law

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All 15 Categories

• BATs prepared for all Categories
• Based on
• E.U. BREFs,
• European National ( Greece, Ireland, U.K. ) or
  International ( World Bank ) documents
• Gap Analysis prepared for each Category

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Gap Analysis

• Comparison of the present prevailing situation
  within each category with that required by the
  BAT
• identification of Gaps
• Prescription of measures needed to close the Gaps

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Main Gaps

• Power Industry . closing soon
• Landfill Sites GAP
• Lime .closing soon
• Cement closing soon
• Slaughter Houses closing soon
• Ferrous metal Foundries... closing soon
• Pigs/Poultry Farms GAP

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EXAMPLES OF POLLUTION PREVENTING MEASURES

• 1. Batteries Manufacturer
• Total effluent stream chemically treated and
  re-used.
• The produced Sludge from the treatment process
  exported for Pb recovery

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2. Dairy Industry

• The effluent stream is biologically treated and
  the water is used for the irrigation of fruit
  trees.
• The sludge is used as a soil conditioner

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3. Brewery

• The effluent streams are treated both
  anaerobically and aerobically.
• Anaerobic treatment Biogas utilised as needed
• Aerobic The water is used for irrigation
• Sludge To CWWTP at Vathia Gonia
• Spent yeast Animal feed

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4. Pesticides Formulator

• All washings of tanks and of drums kept and
  re-used.
• Dust from the bag filters used as filler in the
  formulations.

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5. Bricks and Tiles

• New technology introduced ( tunnel kiln, pulsed
  combustion) resulted in 30 savings in fuel
  consumption.
• Energy recovery at high levels

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6. Cement Production

• Bag filter up-grading
• From 300mg/Nm3
• to 50 mg/Nm3
• Result
• Clinker capture 750 kg/day

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7. Paints production

• Unit for the recovery of spent solvents

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8. Ice Cream production

• Implementation of a water management system
• Result
• 30 reduction in effluents quantity.

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9. Soap production

• Use of high purity raw materials
• Results
• - Liquid effluents eliminated
• - Production improved
• - Production costs lowered

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10. Plastics Industry

• All scrub and off-specifications products milled
  and re-used.

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11. Plasters Industry

• Installation of a bag filter
• - Resulted in the capture of high valued
  micronised dust sold as filler in the paints and
  other industries
• - Pay-back period 2 and 1/2 years

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12. Compressor leakage - Example

• Say 1cfm leakage
• P 0,0643Ta?q0(pb/pa) 1-1/(? -1)
  /520(?-1)?
• pa pressure, state a
• Ta temperature, state a
• ?1,31
• ?Compressor efficiency
• qo cfm, std conditions
• pb pressure, state b

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Compressor leakage, cond

• P 0,32hp
• For electrical efficiency 0,90
• P0,35hp per 1 cfm
• For 1 lit/min P0,012hp
• For 4h operation
• W0,036kWh
• For 5c/kWh cost CP 0,18 per 1l/m leakage