LATG: Chapters 12-13 Common Diseases of Lab Animals Lab Animal Serology

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LATG Chapters 12-13Common Diseases ofLab
AnimalsLab Animal Serology
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Rats and Mice

• Sendai Virus affects mice, rats, hamsters, and
  guinea pigs
• highly contagious and can be fatal in young
• affects immune system worsened by stress
• clinical signs dyspnea, chattering respiratory
  sounds, decreased litter size and stunted pups
• RNA virus, Paramyxovirus (parainfluenza)
• natural infection occurs via respiratory tract
• dirty bedding transfer inadequate for detection

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Rats and Mice

• Mycoplasmosis (CRD, MRM)
• Mycoplasma pulmonis causative agent
• major problem in rats stress worsens condition
• primarily affects the respiratory tract
• may cause inner or middle ear infection (head
  tilt)
• can become endemic and difficult to eradicate
• causes severe pathologic lesions in the lungs
  abscesses, red to gray consolidation

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Rats and Mice

• CAR (Cilia associated respiratory) bacillus
• gram negative bacteria attached to cilia
• respiratory disease or lesions in rats, mice,
  rabbits, swine
• require special staining techniques on
  histopathology
• dirty bedding inadequate for detection

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Rats and Mice

• Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV)
• RNA, Cornavirus, affects mice only
• one of the most common diseases of mice and
  highly contagious (still big problem today)
• fecal-oral and aerosol transmission
• encephalitis, hepatitis, or enteritis
• fatal wasting disease in nude mice
• causes immunosuppression during infection

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Rats and Mice

• Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (SDAV)
• RNA, Cornavirus (related to rat cornavirus and
  MHV), affect rats only
• affects the salivary glands of rats
• swelling in neck region, ophthalmic lesions
  (corneal ulcer, etc.), chromodacryorrhea,
  chromorhinorrhea
• highly contagious and spread quickly, but develop
  immunity and cannot be reinfect
• eradication stop breeding and burns out
• Harlan recently had outbreak in Surgical
  Facility

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Rats and Mice

• Ectromelia Virus (Mousepox)
• DNA, Orthopoxvirus, affects mice only
• rare in US, but several outbreaks have occurred
  in the past 5 yrs.
• causes high morbidity and mortality
• causes hepatitis, generalized rash (pox lesions)
• transmitted through imported mice, injection of
  biological materials (serum, tumors) into mice
• other signs facial swelling, conjunctivitis,
  necrosis of distal limbs

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Rats and Mice

• Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)
• RNA, Arenavirus, affects mice, hamsters
• ZOONOTIC agent
• only mice and hamsters transmit the agent
• transmission through tissue cultures,
  transplantable tumors, feral animals
• four different forms depending on animals age

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Rats and Mice

• Pinworms (Oxyurids)
• Syphacia oblevata, S. muris, Aspicularis
  tetraptera
• affects rats, mice, hamsters, gerbils, rabbits,
  horses, NHP
• probably 1 contaminant in rat mouse colonies
  in the US
• no clinical signs (may cause rectal prolapse in
  young animals)
• easily spread and survive in environment forever
• fecal floatation, anal tape, or direct exam

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Rats and Mice

• Ectoparasites
• Mites (Myobia sp.) and Lice (Polyplax sp.)
• detection by examining pelt under microscope
• pruritis, dermatitis, greasy coat, alopecia

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Guinea pigs

• Bacterial pneumonia
• Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus
  pneumoniae
• may cause anorexia, dyspnea, nasal discharge
• Rabbits are carriers for B. bronchiseptica,
  therefore do not house G.P. and rabbits in the
  same area
• Malocclusion affects molars and premolars
• weight loss, heavy salivation (slobbers)

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Who Wants to be a LATG!!

• 1. What is the most commonly encountered
  spontaneous neoplasm occurring in Oryctolagus
  cuniculus?
• A. Lymphosarcoma
• B. Uterine Adenocarcinoma
• C. Embryonal Nephroma
• D. Mammary Adenocarcinoma

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Rabbits

• Pasteurellosis
• Pasteurella multocida bacterial cause
• very common in rabbits and difficult to treat
• spread by aerosol or direct contact
• diseases snuffles (sneezing, nasal and ocular
  discharge), otitis media or interna, localized
  abscesses, genital infections, pneumonia

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Rabbits

• Mucoid Enteropathy
• seen in 3-10 wk old rabbits that have been
  stressed
• more common in rabbits following shipping
• mucus in cage, anorexia, dehydration, distended
  abdomen, stained perianal fur
• treatment reduce food ration on arrival and
  increase dietary fiber (alfalfa cubes)

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Rabbits

• Gastric Trichobezoar
• hairballs, very common in rabbits from pulling
  hair secondary to boredom
• anorexia and no feces
• treatment mineral oil, laxative, or surgery
• death secondary to hepatic lipidosis
• prevention high fiber diet

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Rabbits

• Coccidiosis
• Intestinal (Eimeria sp.), Liver (Eimeria stiedae)
• common in conventionally raised rabbits
• diarrhea, poor weight gain, distended abdomen

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Dogs

• Respiratory Infections
• very common in random source dogs
• Parainfluenza, Adenovirus, etc
• nasal discharge, cough, dyspnea, anorexia
• Kennel Cough
• Bordetella bronchiseptica
• mild and self-limiting, but highly contagious
• harsh, dry cough

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Dogs

• Parvovirus
• acute disease of young dogs
• bloody diarrhea and severe panleukopenia
• Otitis Externa
• bacteria, yeast, ear mites (Otodectes cynotis)
• factors dirt, trauma, hair, foreign bodies
• excess head shaking and odor
• Heartworms
• Dirofilaria immitis spread by mosquitos
• adults live in pulmonary artery, right artium,
  and right ventricle

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Cats

• Urinary Disorders
• FUS (Feline Urologic Syndrome) cystitis,
  urethritis, urinary calculus
• frequent painful urination, dysuria, hematuria
• males cats more commonly affected
• Otitis externa Notoedres cati (ear mite)
• Respiratory Diseases
• Feline Calcivirus and Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis

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Nonhuman Primates

• Tuberculosis
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, M.
  avium-intracellulare
• Old world monkeys are very suspectible
• usually contracted from humans
• transmission respiratory, intestinal, or
  cutaneous
• spread rapidly among NHP, but disease has long
  slow progression

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Nonhuman Primates

• Tuberculosis (cont)
• devasting to primate colony quarterly testing of
  colony to prevent spread
• signs weight loss, pneumonia, skin ulceration,
  lymphadenopathy
• highly zoonotic mask, gown, surgical gloves
• positive reactors quarantine, test, euthanasia

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Nonhuman Primates

• Measles
• Paramyxovirus (Morbillivirus-Canine Distemper)
• contracted only through infected humans
• fatal disease in NHP
• staff must not work with NHP if infected
• skin rash (Koplick spots), nasal or ocular
  discharge, pneumonia, facial edema

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Nonhuman Primates

• Diarrhea
• common problem among NHP (new arrivals)
• causes stress, salmonella, shigella, protozoa,
  campylobacteria (zoonotic agents)
• Bite Wounds
• more common among gang-housed animals
• self mutilation
• escape animals or finger pokers

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Nonhuman Primates

• Herpes B Virus (Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 1)
• OWM of the genus Macaca are asymptomatic carriers
• oral lesions or ulcers
• Zoonotic and fatal to humans
• Follow safety recommendations and bite kit
  instructions
• DO NOT BECOME A RESEARCH PAPER!!

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Nonhuman Primates

• Bloat (Gastric Dilatation)
• common disease of NHP
• found dead in cage in the morning with no
  previous clinical signs
• signs griting teeth, distended abdomen, hunched
• postmortem signs bloody oral discharge, stomach
  2-5x normal size, frothy nasal discharge
• factors stress, anesthesia, new person, other
  conspecifics, gorging food

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Sheep and Goats

• Q-Fever
• Coxiella burnetti rickettsial disease
• most common shed in milk or placental fluids of
  sheep
• Zoonotic and causes bacterial endocarditis
• Caseous Lymphadenitis
• enlargement of regional lymph nodes
• Foot Rot
• affects skin and tissues around interdigital
  spaces

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Who Wants to be a LATG!!

• 1. Dasypus novemcinctus is used as an animal
  model for the overt form of leprosy. What
  nonhuman primate has also been used to study
  leprosy?
• A. Saimiri sciureus
• B. Cercopithecus aethiops
• C. Cercocebus torquatus atys
• D. Saguinus oedipus

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Swine

• Atrophic Rhinitis
• inflammation of the upper respiratory tract
  caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica or
  Pasteurella multocida
• nasal turbinate atrophy and septum deviation
• Malignant Hyperthermia
• muscle rigidity, fever
• caused by Halothane anesthesia

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Swine

• Enzootic Pneumonia
• caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
• chronic infectious respiratory disease
• common in random source farm raised pigs
• dry cough, respiratory distress and severe lung
  lesions

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Frogs

• Redleg
• caused by Aeromonas hydrophila
• more common in leopard frogs (Rana pipiens)
• factors stress, population density, dietary
  change, injury to skin or slime coat
• signs cutaneous hemorrhages on legs, but can
  occur anywhere on the body.

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Mouse Serology Profiles

• Sendai (SEN)
• Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM)
• Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV)
• Minute Virus of Mice (MVM)
• Mouse Poliovirus (GD-7) Theilers Murine
  Encephalomyelitis Virus
• Type 3 Reovirus (REO-3)
• Mycoplasma pulmonis (MPUL)
• Mouse Parvovirus (MPV)

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Mouse Serology Profiles

• Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCMV)
• Mouse Adenovirus (MAD)
• Ectromelia (ECTRO)
• Mouse Pneumonitis (K virus)
• Polyomavirus (POLY)
• Cilia Associated Respiratory Bacillus (CARB)
• Hantaan Virus (HANT)
• Mouse Cytomegalovirus (MCMV)
• Epizootic Diarrhea of Infantile Mice (EDIM)

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Rat Serology Profiles

• Sendai (SEN)
• Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM)
• Rat Coronavirus/Sialodacryoadenitis Virus
  (RCV/SDAV)
• Kilhams Rat Virus (KRV)
• Toolans H-1 (H1)
• Type 3 Reovirus (REO-3)
• Mycoplasma pulmonis (MPUL)
• Rat Parvovirus (RPV)

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Rat Serology Profiles

• Mouse Poliovirus (GD-7)
• Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)
• Mouse Adenovirus (MAD)
• Hantaan Virus (HANT)
• Cilia Associated Respiratory Bacillus (CARB)

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Guinea Pig Hamster Serology Profile

• Sendai (SEN)
• Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM)
• Simian Virus 5 (SV-5)
• Type 3 Reovirus (REO-3)
• Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)
• Encephalitozoon cuniculi (ECUN)

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Rabbit Serology Profile

• Encephalitozoon cuniculi (ECUN)
• Cilia associated respiratory (CARB)
• Treponema cuniculi (TREP)
• Type 3 Reovirus (REO-3)
• Clostridium piliforme (CPIL)
• Rotavirus (ROTA)

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Who Wants to be a LATG!!

• 1. What scientific term is used to describe
  decreased counts/values in all of the WBCs?
• A. Panleukopenia
• B. Panleukocytosis
• C. Pancytopenia
• D. Pandemic