Production of Marine Information Objects MIOs for Coral Reefs and Marine Environmental Protection Ar

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Production of Marine Information Objects (MIOs)
for Coral Reefs and Marine Environmental
Protection Areas
Lee Alexander, CCOM-JHC, Univ. of New
Hampshire Kathryn Mork and Julia L. Powell,
Office of Coast Survey, NOS, NOAA
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Marine Information Objects (MIOs)

• - Chart and navigation-related information that
  supplement the minimum information required by
  IMO ECDIS
• Additional, non-mandatory
• Not covered by existing standards (e.g., IHO
  S-57, IHO S-52, or IEC 61174)
• The everything else
• Points, lines, areas, features, objects

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MIOs
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IMO-compliant ECDIS

• ENC Definition
• all the chart information necessary for safe
  navigation and may contain supplementary
  information in addition to that contained in the
  paper chart which may be considered necessary for
  safe navigation.

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Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC)

• Database of chart features
• Produced in conformance to IHO S-57 Standards
• Displayed on ECDIS using IHO S-52 colors and
  symbols
• Software provides indications, warnings,
  alarms by using intelligent data
• chart is background for display of other
  navigation information, e.g.,
• Ownship
• Radar
• AIS
• MIOs

Indication/alarms 1. Crossing into
separation scheme 2. Crossing into inbound
lane 3. Crossing out of traffic scheme 4.
Crossing safety depth value
Bligh Reef, Prince William Sound, Alaska (site of
EXXON VALDEZ grounding)
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Two types of Electronic Charting Systems

• ECDIS - Electronic Chart Display and Information
  System
• IMO Performance Standards
• IHO data and display specifications
• IEC testing/certification reqmnts
• ECDIS has been accepted by IMO as suitable for
  meeting chart requirements of SOLAS.

• ECS - Electronic Chart System
• Anything other than ECDIS
• RTCM performance ISO data standards
• Use a wide variety of EC data

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Types of MIOs

• Tides / water levels
• Ice coverage
• Meteorological
• Oceanographic
• Marine Habitats
• Environmental Protection
• Archeological
• Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)
• and others TBD

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Goal for MIOs

• Supplemental information for decision support
• Right information for task-at-hand
• Voyage planning route monitoring
• How displayed less important than data format and
  content
• Data must be accurate, timely, and useable
• Display should be consistent in appearance

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Foundation Data Layers for Marine GIS

• Shoreline
• Bathymetry
• Cadastral (boundary)
• Environmental Sensitivity Index
• Habitat and species location
• Benthic mapping (seagrass, corals, )
• Ports and vessel traffic
• Geo-regulations

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Display Standards/Specifications

• IMO Performance Standards for ECDIS
• 1. Chart-related
• IHO recommended colours and symbols (IHO S-52)
  should be used to display SENC information
• 2. Navigation-related
• other navigational information may be added to
  the ECDIS display. However it should not degrade
  and be clearly distinguishable from SENC
  information.
• the colours and symbols used to describe
  navigational elements and parameters are
  published in IEC 61174

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Chart-related Chart-related Navigation-related Co
lours and Symbols ECDIS (IEC 61174, Annex
E) (IHO S-52, Appendix 2) Radar (IEC 60936,
Annex E) Radar/ARPA (IEC 60872) AIS (IMO NAV
Circ/217) Terms, abbrev symbols (ISO/DIS
19018) Being Developed Navigation Display
(IEC 62288, Annex B) VTS-related (IALA VTS
Committee)   IHO ? Harmonization Group on
MIO ? IEC ice coverage tides/water
levels currents oceanographic weather search and
rescue endangered species/critical
habitats marine environmental protection
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NOAA Special ProjectProtecting Corals
Savings Ships

• Office of Coast Survey, NOAA conducting a pilot
  project in FKNMS
• Convert existing coral reef maps to format
  suitable for use with electronic charts (i.e.,
  MIOs)
• MIOs to be based on international standards
• Contribute to IHO and IMO initiatives to
  incorporate critical marine habitat information
  with paper/electronic charts
• Will be basis for what is done worldwide

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Project Goals

• Provide critical coral habitat and other MPA
  information for use with electronic charts
• Enhance flow of geo-spatial info to/from
  conservation managers to mariners
• Develop/evaluate suitable data formats and
  symbology for coral reefs and other MPA areas
• Ensure navigation safety contribute to marine
  environmental protection

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Special Areas

• IMO MARPOL 73/78 defined certain sea areas as
  special areas
• Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA)
• An area that needs special protection because on
  ecological, socio-economic, or scientific reasons
• International importance/recognition

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PSSAs

• Great Barrier Reef, Australia (1990)
• Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba (1997)
• Malpelo Island, Colombia (2002)
• Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, USA
  (2002)
• Wadden Sea, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands (2002)
• Paracas National Reserve, Peru (2003)
• Nominated on 2004
• Baltic Sea (except Russian waters)
• Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador
• Canary Isles Archipelago, Spain

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PSSA Boundary
Submerged Cables
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Two Components

• Biological
• convert existing biological/ecological data into
  an S-57 format
• Decide what level of information is appropriate
  (or needed)
• Regulatory
• - Determine what are the various types of marine
  protected areas (national international)
• - develop suitable S-57 objects, attributes and
  attribute values

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Benthic Mapping
www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/bhm/
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Objectives

• Determine the process required to use existing
  Benthic Habitat data from the Florida Keys to
• a) Import Shapefile format into CARIS format
• b) Take converted data and create S-57 objects
  using CARIS HOM ENC

benthic (adjective)of, relating to, or
occurring at the bottom of a body of water, or in
the depths of the ocean (Websters Dictionary)
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Starting Point

• Data was in SHP format, broken into multiple
  tiles
• Typical tile (Tile 14)
• data consisted of nine SHP point, line, area
  files
• a viewing program accompanied the data (below
  right)

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Workflow Overview

• Step 1 Convert SHP file to CARIS format
• CARIS Conversion Utility

• Step 2 Create S-57 Features from CARIS data
• CARIS HOM Object Import Utility/HOM AML

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Importing Shapefiles to CARIS

• Use CARIS Conversion Wizard to import spatial
  data in separate Shapefiles into one CARIS file
• about 2,500 spatial features were imported
• attribute data was written to an MS Access
  database

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Creating S-57 Objects

• Using CARIS HOMs Object Import Utility, each
  class of spatial data was then processed
  separately to create (closely) matching S-57
  feature objects

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• Findings
• Shapefile data can be imported into CARIS format
• S-57 object data can be created from this data
• Observations
• Not all SHP data could be used directly
• some interactive processing is required, mostly
  for area data, due to differences in how areas
  are stored in SHP S-57 files
• not all required S-57 attribute data is present
  in the SHP files
• New S-57 object classes need to be created to
  properly represent the data in question
• Also need to consider how to display these new
  objects

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Florida Keys Coral Reef Habitats
Patch Reefs Barrier Reef
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Marine Protection Areas

• National (USA, Canada, Australia, Cuba)
• Marine Managed Area (MMA)
• Marine Protection Area (MPA)
• International (IMO, IHO, IUCN, etc.)
• Special Area / Particularly Sensitive Sea
  (PSSA)
• Archipelagic Sea Lanes (ASL)
• Environmentally Sensitive Sea Area (ESSA)
• Protected Management Areas
• Need to determine
• 1. How many different types are there?
• 2. What are the various types of distinctions?
• 3. What is the proper hierarchy?

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Marine Protection Areas (cont.)

• Functional Criteria
• Primary conservation focus
• Level of protection
• Permanence of protection
• Constancy of protection
• Ecological scale of protection
• Restrictions on extraction

Sub-Categories Conservation
areas Reserves Preserves Sanctuaries Parks Managem
ent areas Area to be Avoided (ATBA) etc.
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Coral Reefs
ATBA
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FKNMS
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PSSA Boundary
Submerged Cables
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FKNMS
PSSA is not currently shown on an ENC !
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NOAA ENC and MIO
Portrayal - duplicate existing colours - use
S-52 CS for now
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CARIS 2005 Training Session

• CARIS HOM AML now customized
• for MIO Production
• Defines/creates MIO objects based on process used
  for AMLs
• Environmental variables in binary dictionary
• Viewing MIO objects and attributes
• Customizing lookup tables
• Creating MIO profile (permitted object codes
  mandatory attributes, values, ranges)
• Symbolization of MIO objects
• Import MIO objects (Object Import Utility)
• Export to S-57
• View MIO S-57 file

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Project Phases

• 2004 - ID existing biological and regulatory
  information in FKNMS accomplished
• - determine appropriate level of content to use
  with electronic chart systems
• - initiate stakeholder involvement
• 2005 Convert selected data into MIOs conforming
  to IHO S-57 data standards ongoing
• - continue stakeholder consultation process
• 2006 Implement, test evaluate MIOs with
  electronic chart manufacturers and user groups
• - conduct pilot project using equipment installed
  on government private vessels
• - identify other USA coral reefs that warrant
  similar effort
• 2007 Submit project results to IMO and IHO
• - commence formal adoption of international
  standards
• - work with World Bank and IMO GEF to replicate
  project, internationally

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Stakeholders

• Federal/State Government
• National Ocean Service, NOAA
• US Coast Guard
• US Geological Survey
• State of Florida / FKNMS SAC
• International Organizations
• International Maritime Organization (IMO)
• International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
• The World Conservation Union (WCU)
• World Resource Institute (WRI)
• UN Environmental Programme (UNEP)
• Maritime Industry
• International Council of Cruise Lines
• Caribbean Shipping Association
• American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA)
• American Pilots Association (APA)
• Academia
• General Public

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Key Participants

• Stakeholders who are interested in both
  safety-of-navigation and marine environmental
  protection
• NOAA HQ offices (navigation, biological,
  regulatory)
• Australia and Cuba interested in participating

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Project Benefits

• Once produced, tested and evaluated, Coral Reef
  MIOs will
• Supplement navigation safety-related info
  contained in ENCs RNCs issued by NOAA
• Enable mariners to make informed decisions about
  what areas to avoid and/or prohibited activities
• Contribute to ongoing IMO and IHO initiatives
  related to PSSA designation on charts
• Facilitate maritime transportation/commerce while
  increasing mariners awareness of marine
  environmental protection

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University of NHCCOM- JHC Industry Partners
Sonar manufacturers
Survey Companies
Cable and pipelines
Mapping and processing software
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Many Thanks to

• Andy Hoggarth
• Cameron McLeay
• Keith Baker
• Peter Duguid
• and the rest of the CARIS Team