Operation of Nullifying and Eradication of Avian Influenza in Mauritius ONE AIM

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Operation ofNullifying and Eradication of
AvianInfluenza inMauritiusONE --AIM
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MAURITIUS

• Pearl shaped Island of Mauritius is 800 km
  east of Madagascar between longitudes 57 18' and
  57 49 east, and latitudes 19 59' and 20 32'
  south in Indian ocean.
• Total area- 1,865 sq. km, is 61 km long and 41
  km wide at the extremes
• Area of Island of Rodrigues - 119 sq. km
• Total population 1.2 million with growth rate
  of 1.3 per annum

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LIVESTOCK SECTOR IN MAURITIUS

• Total population into agriculture is 10.8 of
  national population i.e 0.1 million.
• Total Livestock GDP is 105 m which is 26.5 of
  total agriculture GDP (395m and is 7.2 of
  total national GDP.
• Mauritius has a large Exclusive Economic Zone
  (EEZ) of 1.9 million km² rich in pelagic and
  deep-sea species of fishes. Fishing industry
  contributes to 1 of GDP with export of 130 m
  per annum.

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Total livestock population
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Poultry Industry in Mauritius

• Total poultry population is 1 million with growth
  rate of 5.7 p.a.
• Total poultry meat production is 29.4 metric
  tonnes with consumption of 25kg /capita/year.
• Total egg production is 5.2 metric tonnes with
  consumption of 5 kg/capita/year.

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Animal Health in Mauritius

• Mauritius till date, is free from almost all of
  the acute disease mentioned in the list A of
  OIE, Paris which includes mainly -
• Highly pathogenic Avian Influenza.
• Foot and mouth disease
• Rinderpest
• Blue tongue
• Pestes des petitis ruminants
• Swine vesicular disease
• African horse sickness
• Rift valley fever
• Others zoonotic disease like Anthrax, Bovine
  spongiform disease, Rabies.

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National HPAI management plan in
Mauritius

• Animal health laboratory, Division of Veterinary
  science is playing a substantial and pivotal role
  in nullifying and eradication of Avian influenza
  in Mauritius with its strict vigilance,
  serosurveillance, disease investigation both at
  ports as well as inside the country including
  backyard farmers, pet, migratory and wild birds.
  Other activities include as following -

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DIAOGNOSTICS AT ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

• THE AHL, DVS, CATERS ITS SERVICES TO MORE THAN
  5,OOO SMALL, MEDIUM AND LARGE COMMERCIAL POULTRY
  BREEDERS
• CONSULTATION AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AT AHL
  INCLUDES
• POST MORTEM EXAMINATION
• BACTERIOLOGICAL FUNGAL CULTURE
• VIRUS CULTURE
• SEROSURVEILLANCE
• VACCINE DEVELOPMENT

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DIAGNOSTICS SPECIFICALLY FOR HPAI

• ELISA - Serosurveillance and monitoring of
  serum samples of wild, migratory and poultry
  birds for specific antibodies against HPAI.
• RAPID ANTIGEN TEST- this rapid test is done with
  cloacal or treacheal swabs onsite/farm to detect
  the presence of Avian Influenza virus (LPAI
  HPAI). It has specific monoclonal antibody
  against AI virus and gives result in 30 min.

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• Virus inoculation test is done in embryonated
  eggs and further confirmation is done by
  Haemoagglutination test.
• Immunodiffusion test is also used to detect
  specific antibody against HPAI.
• AHL is shortly going to introduce diagnostic
  test which are based on the identification of
  viral nucleic acid using NASBA, Nucleic Acid
  Sequence Based Amplification Technique.
• Mauritius has already banned the import of any
  kind of live birds

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NATIONAL CRISIS COMMITTEE FOR HPAI

• A National crisis Committee comprising of
  different Ministries and major stakeholders both
  from the private and public sectors has been set
  up to monitor and make recommendations.
• Principle Veterinary Officer chairs and
  regulates the actions and recommendations of this
  committee.
• Mauritius has already banned the import of any
  kind of live birds or raw poultry meat since Jan
  2004 just to avoid any chance of entry of HPAI
  virus into the Island.
• Random samples from migratory and wild birds from
  terre rouge estuary and national parks are tested
  on almost alternate days.
• All samples till date tested for HPAI has shown
  negative result confirming that island is free
  from AI virus.

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FIELD ACTIONS FOR SUSPECTED OUTBREAKS

• PVO and his team will directly go to the site
  to conduct rapid tests on the farm, on suspicion
  relevant samples will be collected and
  dispatched to AHL as well as to reference
  laboratory.
• The farm will be cordon off and quarantined
  with help of Police till the confirmation of
  the HPAI out break.
• An emergency meeting of the National crisis
  management will be done under chairmanship of
  PVO.

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• The area of 3 km from the farm will declared as
  restricted area to prevent the disease.
• All the personal of the farms will kept under the
  strict quarantine control of the Ministry of the
  health.
• A disease control center has been established to
  coordinate the necessary field actions to
  control disease. It comprises Ministry of
  Agriculture, Health, Environment, Local govt.
  Housing, police depts. private stake holders.
• The main responsibility of the Disease Control
  Centre will be to establish effective liaison
  with each department in case of outbreaks and
  optimise human resource and to appraise the
  authorities of the current situation.
• PVO, chairman of National Crisis Committee with
  the assistance of the press attaché of the
  Ministry will inform the public and the media
  about the situation.

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KILLING AND DISPOSAL OF INFECTED FLOCKS

• Environmentally controlled house stop fans,
  close off ventilation, infiltrate gas.
• Small house Seal house or remove birds into
  plastic bags for gassing or dislocation of necks
  or euthanasia.
• Gassing CO2 (use 17, 5 kg/1000 m3). Birds need
  to be exposed to an atmosphere of at least 30
  carbon dioxide to ensure loss of consciousness
  and then at least 70 carbon dioxide to kill the
  birds. This concentration must be maintained for
  at least 3 minutes.
• Mechanical eggs, chicks,
• Disposal of birds will be carried out either by
  burial or by incineration with permission of
  Ministry of Environment, Local government and
  Housing. The burial sites will be thourghly
  disinfected with suitable virocidal chemicals.

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• Serological testing and Continuous surveillance
  of all poultry premises should take place within
  the Control Area.
• Surveillance involves physical inspection of
  poultry for clinical signs of avian influenza,
  increased mortality and serological and cloacal
  swabs sampling.
• Serological and cloacal samples should be tested
  by means of the ELISA, HI, AGID and rapid antigen
  test.
• Ring vaccination of the birds with inactivated
  killed vaccine beyond the 3 km of the outbreak.
• No repopulation until authorised by the crisis
  committee.
• To notify the OIE about the outbreak.

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COMPENSATION TO POULTRY BREEDRS

• Compensation arrangements where poultry breeders
  or other concerned people can be paid fair and
  quick compensation for any animals or other
  property destroyed as part of a strategy of
  disease control . This issue is being taken up
  at Government level and very soon we will get
  some fruitful results.
• Restocking of the flock at infected premises will
  be totally under the vigilance and control of
  Principle Veterinary Officer.

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WE LOOK FORWARD TO YOU FOR ANY
SUGGESTION AND CONSTRUCTIVE DISCUSION ON OUR
ONE AIM AND NATIONAL CRISIS
COMMITTEE.

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• THANKING YOU
• ALL
• FOR BEING NICE
• VIEWERS AND
• GIVING YOUR VALUABLE
• TIME AND SUGGETIONS.