Veterinary Science Literature searching

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Veterinary ScienceLiterature searching
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INTRODUCTION

• "I just don't know where to startlooking for
  information. I can't work out my reading list -
  and don't know how to usethe library catalogue.
  AND I've heard people talk aboutelectronic
  databases! What are they? Help!"

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Informations(about)

• What are you searching first?
• Where can you make literature searching?
• How do you search on computer
• What is is the second step if you have found
  useful titles?
• How can you use the result of literature
  searching?

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How to start?

• Analysing your topic
• Begin by analysing your question
• What are the important aspects of the question?
• Pick out the main ideas
• These will be the basis of your literature search

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Types of documents

• Traditional (printed) primary documents
• Reference publications
• Monographs
• Serials
• Official publications

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Reference publications

• Encyclopedia
• Dictionaries
• Biographical encyclopedia
• Manuals, Directories
• Data compilations etc

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Monographs

• Books
• Textbooks, lecture books
• Dissertations
• Document collections
• Research reports
• Non-periodic conference

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Serials

• Journals
• Year-books
• Conference proceedings series
• Book series

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Official publications

• Legal documents
• Statistical reports
• Standards
• Patents

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Special documents

• Non-conventional documents called also
  grey-literature
• Brochures
• Trade publications
• Manuscripts
• Publication of international organisations, etc.

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Main types of secondary documents

• Bibliographies, list of selected literature items
• Titles, title translations, annotations
• Abstracting and indexing services/journals
• Executive summeries, extended abstracts
• Reviews, studies etc.

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Electronic documents

• All type of ducuments used by computer
• Fulltext documents
• Databases

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Understanding your reading list

• Differences between types of references
• Books
• Chapters in books
• Journal articles
• Papers of conferences
• World Wide Web documents

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Example 1.

• Books
• Farmer, Mary E. 1979, The Family, 2nd edn,
  Longman, London.
• Golston, S.E. Morgan, W.P. (eds) 1987, Exercise
  and Mental Health, Hemisphere Pub. Corp.,
  Washington.
• The Australian Concise Oxford Dictionary 1992,
  2nd edn, Oxford University Press, Melbourne.

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Example 2.

• Chapters in books
• Sussman, M.B. 1979, 'Actions and services for the
  new family', in The American Family Dying or
  Developing?, eds. D. Reiss H.A. Hoffman, pp.
  213-232, Plenum Press, New York.
• Tinker, Hugh.1967, 'Is there an Indian nation?'
  in India and Ceylon Unity and Diversity a
  Symposium, ed. Philip Mason, pp. 260-296, Oxford
  Univ. Pr., London.

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Example 3.

• Journal articles
• Ghose, T.K. 1989, 'Venture capital in Australia',
  The Australian Banker, vol. 103, no. 1, pp.
  17-23.
• Mar, Brian W. Palmer, Richard N. 1989, 'Does
  civil engineering need system engineering?'
  Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering,
  vol. 115, no.1, pp. 45-52.
• Dewhirst, C. 1986, 'Hot air over the Himalayas',
  World Geographic, vol. 1, Oct.-Dec., pp. 44-55.

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Example 4.

• Papers from conferences
• Bogduk, N. 1997, 'Musculoskeletal pain toward
  precision diagnosis'. Proceedings of the 8th
  World Congress on Pain, International Association
  for the Study of Pain, Seattle, pp 507-25 .

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Example 5.

• World Wide Web documents
• Beckleheimer, J. 1994, How do you cite URL's in a
  bibliography?, Online, Available
  http//www.nrlssc.navy.mil/meta/bibliography.html
  1995, December 13 .

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What is a database?

• A database is a computer readable file in which
  the text or other sets of data have a defined
  structure supperted by a set of programs called
  the
• Database Management System (DBMS)

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BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABESES

• Bibliographic databases have developed from
  abstract journals, abstracting and indexing
  services employing computer technology. They
  contain
• Bibliographic data
• Abstracts
• Keywords and/or other classification codes added
  to the records

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The basic structure of database

• Records
• Data fields

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What is a record?

• A record contains all the data belonging to one
  unit of the database. In the case of
  bibliographical databases, to a single
  publication (article) or document.

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What is a data field?

• Data fields are separate parts of a record,
  marked with specific names (labels). Each fields
  refers to a single data element.
• It consists of two parts
• - name (label)
• content
• Data fields are independently searchable elements
  in the data base.

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Types of the fields

• TI TITLE Porcine reproductive and respiratory
  syndrome (PRRS)
• AU AUTHOR(S) Meredith-MJ
• AD ADDRESS OF THE AUTHOR Department of Clinical
  Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
• SO SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION)Title of
  Journal, 1995, 81 pp

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Types of the fields (cont.)

• PB PUBLISHER INFORMATION Boehringer Vetmedica,
  PO Box 200. D-55216 Ingelheim/Rhein Germany
• PY PULICATION YEAR 1995
• LA LANGUAGE OF TEXT English
• AB ABSTRACTS

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AB ABSTRACT

• Much has been learned about this syndrome of
  multiple aetiology since it was identified in
  North America in the 1980s, with subsequent
  spread throughout the world (by trade in pigs and
  boar semen). It was also known as mystery swine
  disease, new pig disease and blue-eared pig
  disease. Current knowledge is summarized

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Types of fields (cont.)

• DE DESCRIPTORS respiratory-diseases
  viral-diseases porcine-reproductive-and-respirato
  ry-syndrome reviews swine-diseases
• OD ORGANISM DESCRIPTORS pigs-
• BT BROADER DESCRIPTORS Sus-scrofa Sus Suidae
  SuiformesArtidactila Mammals vertebrates
  Chordata animals

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Types of fields (cont.)

• CC CABICODES LL820
• CD TRANSLATIONS OF CABICODES Parasites,-Vectors,-
  Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Animals
• PT PUBLICATION TYPE Miscellaneous
• AV AVAILABILITY free
• IB INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER
  0-9520409-7-2

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Types of fields (cont.)

• UD UPDATE CODE 960401
• AN ACCESSION NUMBER 962202319

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INDEX FILES

• Index files or inverted files
• There are generated by the search software
• An alphabetical list of words or terms occuring
  in a specific data field of each record is called
  an index/inverted file for the given data field

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Author and keyword indexes

• An index of all author names or that of all
  keywords (descriptions) can be generated,
  together with the number of their occurances in
  the database, and the number of records in which
  they occur. For each entry in such an index, the
  record identifiers are also indicated in the
  index file.

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Common index file

• In some databases a common index file of all
  occuring words is generated and updated.
• (except for stop words, which are frequently used
  words which are irrelevant from the point of view
  of searching and, for, good, etc.)

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SPIRS(SilverPlatter Information Retrieval System)

• Spirs has one main index that can be displayed,
  plus separate indexes for
• - Author (AU)
• - Publication year (PY)
• - Language (LA)
• You can search the main index, you can also limit
  for any fields

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Indexing for precise retrieval

• Indexing also means the adding of subject
  heading, descriptors, classification codes
  expressing the content of the document for which
  record is prepared. It is a significant process
  from the retrieval point of view, because

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Retrieval point of view

• It relects the most essential concepts the
  publications deals with,
• It ensures the retrieval of documents dealing
  with the same or related subject, and
• It translates the diverse terminology of
  authors to a consistent and controlled language

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Kids of information retrieval languages

• Subject categories or classification codes
• Usually broader categories, organised
  hierarchially, reflecting the logic of a
  discipline
• Subject heading lists, thesaurus (keywords,
  descriptors), alphabetic ordered of natural
  language terms
• Special coding systems