The%20definition%20of%20a%20formal%20ontological%20framework%20aimed%20at%20semantic%20interoperability:%20the%20case%20for%20fisheries%20domain

1
The definition of a formal ontological framework
aimed at semanticinteroperability the case for
fisheries domain

• Aldo Gangemi1, Frehiwot Fisseha2, Johannes
• Keizer2, Marc Taconet4, Ian Pettman3, Domenico M.
  Pisanelli1
• 1 Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technology,
  CNR (National Research Council), Rome, Italy
  gangemi,pisanelli_at_ip.rm.cnr.it,
  http//ontology.ip.rm.cnr.it
• 2 FAO-GILW, Rome, Italy Frehiwot.Fisseha,Johannes
  .Keizer_at_fao.org, http//www.fao.org
• 3 One Fish, SIFAR, Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria,
  UK, ip_at_ceh.ac.uk, http//www.onefish.org3
• 4 FIDI, FAO, Rome, Italy, Marc.Taconet_at_fao.org,
  http//www.fao.org

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An example of interoperability

• late collection of grapes
• infected by botrytis cinerea

• Trockenbeerenauslese

• Muffato della Sala

compatible with
roquefort cheese
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Semantic interoperability of terminology-based
systems

• Different fishery thesauri, taxonomies, topic
  trees
• Different conceptualizations (current state)
• Heterogeneous search results from multiple
  queries
• Integrated conceptualizations (info brokering
  solution)
• Union of results from one query engine
  (?homogeneity? depends on amount of analysis
  performed)
• Merged fishery ontology
• Merged conceptualizations (formal ontology
  solution)
• Union of more precise (homogeneus) results from
  one query engine
• Conceptual navigation, custom user profiles,
  community knowledge sharing, ontology-based
  catalogue

4
Resources for the fishery ontology merging project

• 10,600 thesarus descriptors (Agrovoc, ASFA)
• 1,800 topic tree subjects (OneFish)
• 200 core composite concepts (FIGIS)
• 30,000 (taxonomical) objects (FIGIS)
• Ontology Integration Framework
• ONIONS merging methodology
• OntoClean upper-level ontology

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Ontology Merging Guidelines

• Basic steps in the ONIONS/OntoClean Methodologies

Assign OCT Taxonomical Position
Meta-property
Refine Informal Relationships
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Preliminary fisheries ontology library
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oneFish topic trees (worldviews)
Administration
Subjects
Ecosystem
Stakeholders
Geography
Species
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What is being done for fast prototyping a
FOS-based system (1)

• Choosing and installing an ontology server
• Translating the most conceptually transparent
  portions of the resources into formal logic-based
  languages
• Building a preliminary core-level ontology wrt
  OCT upper ontology and FIGIS composite concepts
• Cleaning ontology building data to populate
  domain ontologies (next slide)

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Aquaculture in AGROVOC
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Aquaculture in ASFA
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Aquaculture in oneFish
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Aquaculture in FIGIS (composites)
strains Species life cycle
diseases
Farming technique
Spawning technique
Hatchery technique
Health monitoring technique
Breeding technique
Expl. form
Environment
Aquaculture Resource
Farming system
Production center
Water Area
land
Regulation
suppliers
management system
Institution
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FOS development (2)

• BT/NT are transformed into taxonomies e.g.
  SUBSUMES(c1,c2), provided that c1 \ c2 according
  to upper ontology?
• RT are transformed into axioms e.g.
  PARTICIPANT(i1,i2), provided that the topmost
  parents of c1(i1) and c2(i2) are related by
  PARTICIPANT in the core ontology?
• Topic trees into (preliminary) topic spaces

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Conceptual templates

• Conceptual templates are relevant parts of
  ontologies that describe the core concepts and
  relations of a domain (core ontologies)
• Ex. APO, BFQF, etc.
• They can be often discovered from
• database schemata, forms, elicited know-how
• analysis of systematic polysemy

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The APO schema
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Use of APO

• It resulted useful in several domains
• clinical guidelines (planning vs. process
  knowledge)
• fishery (management vs. intervention knowledge)
• banking regulations (legal vs. world knowledge)
• possibly extendable to the general problem of
  control knowledge
• In the third lecture some examples from the
  banking domain will be given
• Warn the mereotopological constraints when
  applying it!

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The APO schema modified for clinical conditions
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APO applied to transactions
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OCT the OntoClean Top-level
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A core ontology for aquaculture
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An excerpt from the ontology

• The concept fishing technique is formalized in a
  description logic as follows
• (defconcept Fishing-Technique
• annotations ((DOCUMENTATION "FIGIS A fishing
  technique describes the set of equipment used for
  the capture of a target species together with any
  associated fishing practices."))
• is (and Technique
• (some INVOLVES Gear)
• (some METHOD-OF Fishery)
• (some PART Handling-Mode)))

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FOS development (3)

• Producing or reusing glosses (informal
  descriptions)
• Building and refining library architecture
• Choosing integration architecture (mediation or
  merging)
• Applying integration, building and active
  cataloguing procedures
• Building (or reusing) query interface and
  wrappers to source dbs

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Fisheries merged information access
A user query is submitted to an interface
connected to the Fishery Ontology Server.
Interface and Server communicate with a
Topic-Based Fishery Information Browser. The
browser can either interrogate the source
systems, or perform own searches to document
corpora. The Server can directly provide
information on fishery conceptual structures,
terminology, and scope notes.
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Web sites

• CNR site with methodology papers and example
  ontologies http//ontology.ip.rm.cnr.it
• Agriculture Ontology Service site
  http//www.fao.org/agris/aos
• Forthcoming fishery ontology site

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Metadata types in ontology development resources