Nutrition in Type 2 Diabetes

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Nutrition in Type 2 Diabetes

• Gilda Bastasi, P.dt.,CDE
• Telehealth Presentation
• March 27, 2007

Montreal , Quebec
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What is most important

• Eat well
• Control your weight
• Exercise
• If you take medication for diabetes, take it as
  prescribed
• Check your blood sugar daily if possible

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How do we EAT WELL?

• Respect QUANTITY
• Choose the right QUALITY
• Limit sugars and sweets, not avoid
• Limit high fat foods
• Fried foods, chips and pastries
• Eat more fibre
• Brown breads, dried beans, brown rice
• Eat at REGULAR times
• Three meals per day
• Correct spacing of 4 to 6 hours

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Control your weight

• Do you need to lose weight??
• If you are overweight, losing 10 to 20 pounds
  will help you get better control of your diabetes
• Fat, especially animal fat, intake should be
  limited
• Fat has the most calories
• helps to keep weight down
• Keeps a healthy heart!
• GET MOVING!!
• Exercise at least 150 minutes per week
• Exercise when blood sugars are higher

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Quantity What is a portion?

• You must watch HOW MUCH you eat especially foods
  that contain sugar or carbohydrate
• Using the sugar cube method will help you
  decide if you are eating well or not

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Using sugar cubes to help with quantity

• Generally, most food contains some kind of sugar
• Especially breads, rice, fruit, pastas
• 1 teaspoon of sugar 1 sugar cube
• General recommendations
• 9 to 12 cubes per meal
• 3 cubes per snack

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How many in these foods?

• Grains and starches
• 1 slice bread 3 cubes
• ½ cup pasta or rice 3 cubes
• ½ potato or ½ cup corn 3 cubes
• Fruit and vegetables
• 1 small fresh fruit 3 cubes
• ½ -3/4 cup juice 3 cubes
• ½ cup carrots, peas, turnip or beets 3

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How many in these foods?

• Milk Products
• 1 cup milk 3 cubes
• 1 cup plain yogurt 3 cubes
• ½ cup fruit flavoured yogurt 2 -3 cubes
• Other foods
• 1can regular Coke 9 cubes
• 1 small piece of pie 9 cubes
• 1 tablespoon of regular jam 3 cubes

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Quantity the perfect plate
National nutrition committee Canadian diabetes
association
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Lets calculate together....
1apple 3 cubes
1 potato 3 cubes
½ cup carrots 3 cubes
1 piece of meat 0 cubes
Broccoli 0 cubes
TOTAL 12 cubes
1 Cup milk 3 cubes
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Quantity Use your hands to measure
Palm of hands approximate size of meat one
should eat The fist portion applies to
starches and fruit Both hands cupped
together and overflowing represent a portion
of vegetables or salad High fat foods such
as chips and nuts are limited to a portion that
fits in one cupped hand
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Quality Healthy eating

• Grains and Starches
• whole grain bread, grains, pastas, rice,
  potatoes or corn AT EVERY MEAL!
• Limit use of cakes, pies, desserts
• Fruits and vegetables
• Eat more vegetables
• Include at least 5 fruits and vegetables per day
• Have fruit as your dessert at every meal
• Protein foods
• Lean meat, poultry, fish, low fat cheese ,eggs or
  nuts
• Milk
• Have a glass of milk or yogurt to finish your meal

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Grains and Starches

• RECOMMENDED SERVINGS
• 2 to 3 servings per meal
• Here are some examples of one serving
• 1 slice whole grain bread
• ¾ cup bran cereal
• ½ cup pasta
• 1/3 cup brown rice
• 1 small potato
• ½ cup corn

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Fruits and Vegetables

• Recommended servings
• Eat 3 to 7 servings a day
• At least 3 should be fruit
• Aim for 1 fruit and 1-2 vegetables at each meal
• You can use fresh, frozen or canned
• Fresh has more fibre than juice
• Most vegetables contain little calories and sugar
• What is a serving?
• Generally ½ cup of fruit or vegetable

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Dont forget Milk Products !!

• Recommended servings
• Have at least 2 low fat servings of milk or milk
  products per day
• 1 serving 1 cup
• Choose milk and yogurt with 1 fat or less
• Use sugar free or plain yogurt
• Plain soya milk
• You can eat ice cream, frozen yogurt or pudding
  occasionally
• Choose cheese with 20 milk fat or less

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No sugar in meat..but watch out for fat !!

• Have a source of protein like fish, chicken,
  tofu, meat, eggs, low fat cheese, nuts or peanut
  butter at every meal
• Do not fry
• Remove visible fat
• Eat portion like the palm of your hand

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Fats

• Choose heart healthy fats
• Canola oil, olive oil
• Non- hydrogenated margarine
• Small portions of nuts
• No more than 20 nuts per day
• Choose food labelled no trans fats

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What about sweeteners?

• Sweeteners that INCREASE blood sugar
• Sugar alcohols Lactilol, maltilol, Mannitol,
  Sorbitol, Xylitol
• Polydextrose
• Sweeteners that DO NOT increase blood sugar
• Aspartame (Equal, Nutrasweet
• Cyclamate (Sucaryl, Sugar Twin, Sweet n Low)
• Saccarin (Hermesetas)
• Sucralose (Splenda)

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Is alcohol allowed?

• Do not take more than two drinks per day
• Two for men, one for women
• 1 drink 1 bottle of beer
• 3.5 ounces of wine
• 1.5 ounces of hard liquor
• Be careful!
• Never drink on an empty stomach especially if you
  take medication

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A little bit of everything....

• A small serving of lean meat
• A good quantity of colourful vegetables
• Always have some starch like whole grain bread,
  rice or corn
• Finish the meal with some low fat plain yogurt
  with fresh fruit
• Respect your quantities
• Never skip a meal!

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Lets build a good breakfast....

• 2 servings grains and starches 2 slices
  brown bread
• 1 lean protein 1 ounce
  low fat cheese
• 1 fruit 1
  small banana
• 1 milk product ¾ cup plain
  yogurt
• 1 fat 1
  tsp of margarine
• Other foods sugar
  free jam