C.J. Cox

1
World Regional Geography
Africa
Week 4

• C.J. Cox
• Instructor

2
Africa South of the Sahara

• Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa
• Physical Geography of Africa
• Cultural Geography of Africa
• Historical Geography of Africa
• African Sub-regions

3
Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa

• 1. Continent dominated by its plateau
  character
• 2. Majority of people depend on farming for
  their livelihood

4
Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa

• 3. High amount of disease (malaria, sleeping
  sickness, aids)
• 4. African boundaries drawn at the beginning
  of the colonial period
• 5. Economic development in scattered areas

5
Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa

• 6. Rich in raw materials vital to industrialized
  economies
• 7. Inter-regional connections are poor
• 8. Africa has been a place of competition and
  conflict between major powers

6
Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa

• 9. Highest population growth despite diseases
  food shortages
• 10. Contrasting areas from civil wars to
  stability

Mozambique Coast
7
Relative Location of Africa

• Lying astride the equator
• Between the Atlantic/Indian and Mediterranean
• Second largest continent
• 4500 miles from east to west
• 4800 miles from north to south

8
Africa South of the Sahara

• Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa
• Physical Geography of Africa
• Cultural Geography of Africa
• Historical Geography of Africa
• African Sub-regions

9
Physical Geography of Africa
LANGUAGES diversity of African languages,
human racial groups Islam in the north Niger
Congo languages in south dozens of languages in a
single country 1/7 of the inhabited world with
1/3 of the languages Khoisan (Bushman
language) Malay-Polynesian Germanic in the
south POPULATION 475 million concentrations in
Nigeria, Lake Victoria Southern Africa Diseased
areas (1 million children die from Malaria a
year) Sahel (suh-hell) Ethiopia, West
Africa poor soils, inadequate precipitation AGRICU
LTURE subsistence farming, herding military
governments corn not as high a yielding grain as
wheat or rice population growth higher than in
India China increase of 105 million from 1980
to 1988 per capita food production
decreasing HISTORY Pre Euopean Prelude
absence of written history Trade places like
Timbuktu East Africa trade with China, India
Indonesia Arabs Colonial Transformation 1600s
series of coastal stations forts trade with
African middlemen for slaves, gold, ivory
spices Arabs had slave trade long before
Europeans 30 million slaves deported from Africa
all over world European presence brought a
reorientation of trade interior states
decline 400 years later European carved up
Africa Penetration into the interior not until
mid of 1800's Belgium Congo Portuguese
Angola Mozambique French western Africa
(France still maintains influence) Interest in
colonies' labor transit agriculture
(cotton Mozambique, coffee Angola)
minerals WEST AFRICA (bulge Lake Chad to
Senegal to coast to Sahara) large desert states
to the north smaller coastal states most
populated region cultured area coastal location
favorable for trade Nigeria Moslem north mid
area poor unproductive disease oil reserves in
the Niger delta urbanization 29 capital Abuja in
center Burkina Faso East Africa highland
plateau Africa savanna Lake Victoria 3 major
countries come together Tanzania largest
country with 24 million country with out a prime
core area African socialism cooperatives new
villages cotton north/ tea south Kenya 22.8
million good agricultural areas strong core
area capitalist state Nairobi/Mombassa tourism pop
. increase 4.2 annually doubling time is 17
years by 2025 4 times as many as today (83
million) over 1/2 pop under 15 average 8 kids
per woman Uganda 16.2 million military
regime of Amin 1971-1979 75,000 Asians evacuated
commercial system fell apart death by violence
300,000 economy still in shambles
fragmented Obote Burundi Rwanda 12
million EQUATORIAL AFRICA Zaire, Congo,
Cameroon, Central African Republic Gabon
Equatorial Guinea Zaire 33 million
900,000 sq. miles wealth within the basin
rim river system nuetralized by
rapids independence in 1960 Others 17
millions Gabon modest oil reserves, forests
lots of minerals Cameroon self sufficient in
food, oil reserves SOUTHERN AFRICA South
Africa the dominant political economic
force military the continent's richest in
minerals gold, chromium, diamonds, platinum, coal
and iron ore. political influence in Southern
Africa operates ports in Mozambique assistance
programs in Malawi med. agriculture
wool plateau country southern tip 471,000 square
miles 34.7 million great ethnic diversity
English, Boers, (5 mill) colored (3
mill) Asians, 1 mill Indians blacks (25
million) Dutch founded Cape Town in 1652 1800
the British Boer War 1899-1902 Afrikaners labor
for sugar plantations mines Johannesburg 2.2
mill (gold field) Pretoria 1 mill plateau area
apartheid ( apart - hate) separateness Afrikaner
s policy in 1948 minimize contact of ethnic
groups homelands immigrant workers government-
today must concentrate on keeping control Zambia
landlocked copper in south Zimbabwe
chrome/asbestos steppe 9.6 million considerable
economic potential Independence in 1980 Malawi's
core in south Mozambique exit for Malawi,
Zimbabwe and South Africa cashews coconut 14.7
Urbanized Independence in 1975
Angola conflict with South Africa in
Namibia while fighting an insurgent state in the
south central part of it's own territory. oil coff
ee independence in 1975 Namibia copper,
lead zinc steppe Lesotho mountainous
enclave surrounded by South Africa poor
landlocked NORTH AFRICA / SW ASIA
LOCATION SIZE HISTORY POPULATION
MINERAL RESOURCES PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
ECONOMY URBANIZATION SUB-SAHARAN
AFRICA TEN GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES OF AFRICA
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
6) 7) 8) 9) 10)
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Plate Tectonics Deserts
Mountains Rivers Lakes
CLIMATE LANGUAGES POPULATION AGR
ICULTURE HISTORY WEST
AFRICA Nigeria Burkina Faso East
Africa Tanzania Kenya Uganda Burundi
Rwanda EQUATORIAL AFRICA Zaire Gabon
Cameroon SOUTHERN AFRICA South
Africa Malawi Mozambique Angola
Namibia Lesotho Zambia Zimbabwe
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TEN GEOGRAPHIC
QUALITIES OF AFRICA 1) Continent dominated
by the continent's plateau character 2)
majority of people depend on farming for their
livelihood 3) high amount of disease
(malaria, sleeping sickness) 4) African
boundaries drawn at the beginning of the colonial
period 5) Economic development in scattered
areas 6) Rich in raw materials vital to
industrialized economies 7) Inter-regional
connections are poor 8) Africa a place of
competition and conflict between major powers
9) Highest population growth despite diseases
food shortages. 10) contrasting areas, some
of civil wars others with stability Environmental
deterioration, diseases, population growth is
highest in world, political conflicts PHYSICAL
GEOGRAPHY Lying astride the equator Atlantic/Indi
an/Mediterranean 2nd in size to Eurasia Plate
Tectonics core for the super continent
Gondwana deep gorges rift valleys resultant
from continental movement north Deserts Mountai
ns Rivers Lakes CLIMATE Symmetrical about
the equator Rainy climate of equator Savanna
lands of trees with grass Steppe lands of only
grass Arid conditions of Sahara Kalahari
Deserts Med. zones at extremities LANGUAGES dive
rsity of African languages, human racial
groups Islam in the north Niger Congo languages
in south Malay-Polynesian Germanic in the
south POPULATION 475 million concentrations in
Nigeria, Lake Victoria Southern
Africa AGRICULTURE subsistence farming,
herding military governments HISTORY Pre
Euopean Prelude absence of written
history Colonial Transformation 1600s series of
coastal stations forts trade with African
middlemen for slaves, gold, ivory spices Arabs
had slave trade long before Europeans 30 million
slaves deported from Africa all over
world European presence brought a reorientation
of trade interior states decline 400 years later
European carved up Africa Penetration into the
interior not until mid of 1800's Belgium
-Congo Portuguese - Angola Mozambique French
- western Africa (France still maintains
influence) Interest in colonies' labor transit
agriculture (cotton Mozambique, coffee
Angola) minerals WEST AFRICA Nigeria Burkina
Faso East Africa Tanzania Kenya Uganda
Burundi Rwanda EQUATORIAL AFRICA Zaire
Gabon Cameroon SOUTHERN AFRICA South
Africa Malawi's Mozambique Angola
Namibia Lesotho Zambia Zimbabwe
World Regional Geography Sierra College C. J.
Cox SUBSAHARAN AFRICA PHYSICAL
FEATURES Landforms Bodies of Water Kalahari
Desert Namib Desert Mt. Kilimanjaro The Rift
Valley Drakensberg Mts. Great Escarpment Lake
Tanganyika Lake Victoria Congo (Zaire) River
Niger River The Cape of Good Hope Zambezi
River Orange River Lake Malawi
COUNTRIES West Africa Equatorial East
Africa Southern Nigeria Benin Ghana Burkina
Faso Ivory Coast Liberia Sierra Leone Guinea
Guinea Bissau Gambia Senegal Togo Cameroon
Cent. African Rep. Democratic
Republic of the Congo(Zaire) Congo Gabon
Equatorial Guinea Cabinda Rwanda Uganda Burundi
Kenya Tanzania Angola Zambia Malawi Mozambique
Zimbabwe Botswana Swaziland Lesotho South Africa
Namibia Madagascar NORTH
AFRICA PHYSICAL FEATURES Landforms Bodies of
Water Sahara Desert Atlas Mountains Nubian
Desert Ahaggar Mts. Ethiopian Highlands Nile Red
Sea Persian Gulf COUNTRIES North African
Countries Morocco Algeria Tunisia Libya Egypt
Sudan Mauritania Mali Niger Chad Western
Sahara The Horn Eritrea Ethiopia Djibouti
Somalia

• Plate Tectonics
• Plateaus
• Deserts
• Mountains
• Rivers
• Lakes
• Climates

10
Physical Geography of Africa

• Plate Tectonics
• core for the super continent Gondwana
• deep gorges trenches resultant from continental
  movement
• rift valleys or hugh parallel cracks or faults

11
Physical Geography of Africa
LANGUAGES diversity of African languages,
human racial groups Islam in the north Niger
Congo languages in south dozens of languages in a
single country 1/7 of the inhabited world with
1/3 of the languages Khoisan (Bushman
language) Malay-Polynesian Germanic in the
south POPULATION 475 million concentrations in
Nigeria, Lake Victoria Southern Africa Diseased
areas (1 million children die from Malaria a
year) Sahel (suh-hell) Ethiopia, West
Africa poor soils, inadequate precipitation AGRICU
LTURE subsistence farming, herding military
governments corn not as high a yielding grain as
wheat or rice population growth higher than in
India China increase of 105 million from 1980
to 1988 per capita food production
decreasing HISTORY Pre Euopean Prelude
absence of written history Trade places like
Timbuktu East Africa trade with China, India
Indonesia Arabs Colonial Transformation 1600s
series of coastal stations forts trade with
African middlemen for slaves, gold, ivory
spices Arabs had slave trade long before
Europeans 30 million slaves deported from Africa
all over world European presence brought a
reorientation of trade interior states
decline 400 years later European carved up
Africa Penetration into the interior not until
mid of 1800's Belgium Congo Portuguese
Angola Mozambique French western Africa
(France still maintains influence) Interest in
colonies' labor transit agriculture
(cotton Mozambique, coffee Angola)
minerals WEST AFRICA (bulge Lake Chad to
Senegal to coast to Sahara) large desert states
to the north smaller coastal states most
populated region cultured area coastal location
favorable for trade Nigeria Moslem north mid
area poor unproductive disease oil reserves in
the Niger delta urbanization 29 capital Abuja in
center Burkina Faso East Africa highland
plateau Africa savanna Lake Victoria 3 major
countries come together Tanzania largest
country with 24 million country with out a prime
core area African socialism cooperatives new
villages cotton north/ tea south Kenya 22.8
million good agricultural areas strong core
area capitalist state Nairobi/Mombassa tourism pop
. increase 4.2 annually doubling time is 17
years by 2025 4 times as many as today (83
million) over 1/2 pop under 15 average 8 kids
per woman Uganda 16.2 million military
regime of Amin 1971-1979 75,000 Asians evacuated
commercial system fell apart death by violence
300,000 economy still in shambles
fragmented Obote Burundi Rwanda 12
million EQUATORIAL AFRICA Zaire, Congo,
Cameroon, Central African Republic Gabon
Equatorial Guinea Zaire 33 million
900,000 sq. miles wealth within the basin
rim river system nuetralized by
rapids independence in 1960 Others 17
millions Gabon modest oil reserves, forests
lots of minerals Cameroon self sufficient in
food, oil reserves SOUTHERN AFRICA South
Africa the dominant political economic
force military the continent's richest in
minerals gold, chromium, diamonds, platinum, coal
and iron ore. political influence in Southern
Africa operates ports in Mozambique assistance
programs in Malawi med. agriculture
wool plateau country southern tip 471,000 square
miles 34.7 million great ethnic diversity
English, Boers, (5 mill) colored (3
mill) Asians, 1 mill Indians blacks (25
million) Dutch founded Cape Town in 1652 1800
the British Boer War 1899-1902 Afrikaners labor
for sugar plantations mines Johannesburg 2.2
mill (gold field) Pretoria 1 mill plateau area
apartheid ( apart - hate) separateness Afrikaner
s policy in 1948 minimize contact of ethnic
groups homelands immigrant workers government-
today must concentrate on keeping control Zambia
landlocked copper in south Zimbabwe
chrome/asbestos steppe 9.6 million considerable
economic potential Independence in 1980 Malawi's
core in south Mozambique exit for Malawi,
Zimbabwe and South Africa cashews coconut 14.7
Urbanized Independence in 1975
Angola conflict with South Africa in
Namibia while fighting an insurgent state in the
south central part of it's own territory. oil coff
ee independence in 1975 Namibia copper,
lead zinc steppe Lesotho mountainous
enclave surrounded by South Africa poor
landlocked NORTH AFRICA / SW ASIA
LOCATION SIZE HISTORY POPULATION
MINERAL RESOURCES PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
ECONOMY URBANIZATION SUB-SAHARAN
AFRICA TEN GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES OF AFRICA
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
6) 7) 8) 9) 10)
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Plate Tectonics Deserts
Mountains Rivers Lakes
CLIMATE LANGUAGES POPULATION AGR
ICULTURE HISTORY WEST
AFRICA Nigeria Burkina Faso East
Africa Tanzania Kenya Uganda Burundi
Rwanda EQUATORIAL AFRICA Zaire Gabon
Cameroon SOUTHERN AFRICA South
Africa Malawi Mozambique Angola
Namibia Lesotho Zambia Zimbabwe
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TEN GEOGRAPHIC
QUALITIES OF AFRICA 1) Continent dominated
by the continent's plateau character 2)
majority of people depend on farming for their
livelihood 3) high amount of disease
(malaria, sleeping sickness) 4) African
boundaries drawn at the beginning of the colonial
period 5) Economic development in scattered
areas 6) Rich in raw materials vital to
industrialized economies 7) Inter-regional
connections are poor 8) Africa a place of
competition and conflict between major powers
9) Highest population growth despite diseases
food shortages. 10) contrasting areas, some
of civil wars others with stability Environmental
deterioration, diseases, population growth is
highest in world, political conflicts PHYSICAL
GEOGRAPHY Lying astride the equator Atlantic/Indi
an/Mediterranean 2nd in size to Eurasia Plate
Tectonics core for the super continent
Gondwana deep gorges rift valleys resultant
from continental movement north Deserts Mountai
ns Rivers Lakes CLIMATE Symmetrical about
the equator Rainy climate of equator Savanna
lands of trees with grass Steppe lands of only
grass Arid conditions of Sahara Kalahari
Deserts Med. zones at extremities LANGUAGES dive
rsity of African languages, human racial
groups Islam in the north Niger Congo languages
in south Malay-Polynesian Germanic in the
south POPULATION 475 million concentrations in
Nigeria, Lake Victoria Southern
Africa AGRICULTURE subsistence farming,
herding military governments HISTORY Pre
Euopean Prelude absence of written
history Colonial Transformation 1600s series of
coastal stations forts trade with African
middlemen for slaves, gold, ivory spices Arabs
had slave trade long before Europeans 30 million
slaves deported from Africa all over
world European presence brought a reorientation
of trade interior states decline 400 years later
European carved up Africa Penetration into the
interior not until mid of 1800's Belgium
-Congo Portuguese - Angola Mozambique French
- western Africa (France still maintains
influence) Interest in colonies' labor transit
agriculture (cotton Mozambique, coffee
Angola) minerals WEST AFRICA Nigeria Burkina
Faso East Africa Tanzania Kenya Uganda
Burundi Rwanda EQUATORIAL AFRICA Zaire
Gabon Cameroon SOUTHERN AFRICA South
Africa Malawi's Mozambique Angola
Namibia Lesotho Zambia Zimbabwe
World Regional Geography Sierra College C. J.
Cox SUBSAHARAN AFRICA PHYSICAL
FEATURES Landforms Bodies of Water Kalahari
Desert Namib Desert Mt. Kilimanjaro The Rift
Valley Drakensberg Mts. Great Escarpment Lake
Tanganyika Lake Victoria Congo (Zaire) River
Niger River The Cape of Good Hope Zambezi
River Orange River Lake Malawi
COUNTRIES West Africa Equatorial East
Africa Southern Nigeria Benin Ghana Burkina
Faso Ivory Coast Liberia Sierra Leone Guinea
Guinea Bissau Gambia Senegal Togo Cameroon
Cent. African Rep. Democratic
Republic of the Congo(Zaire) Congo Gabon
Equatorial Guinea Cabinda Rwanda Uganda Burundi
Kenya Tanzania Angola Zambia Malawi Mozambique
Zimbabwe Botswana Swaziland Lesotho South Africa
Namibia Madagascar NORTH
AFRICA PHYSICAL FEATURES Landforms Bodies of
Water Sahara Desert Atlas Mountains Nubian
Desert Ahaggar Mts. Ethiopian Highlands Nile Red
Sea Persian Gulf COUNTRIES North African
Countries Morocco Algeria Tunisia Libya Egypt
Sudan Mauritania Mali Niger Chad Western
Sahara The Horn Eritrea Ethiopia Djibouti
Somalia

• Plateaus - plateau land mass where altitude
  moderates the tropical heat
• average of at least 1000 ft.
• half of continent is over 2500ft.
• Basins - Congo, Djouf, Kalahari Sudan

12
Physical Geography of Africa

• Deserts
• The Sahara Desert - the worlds greatest desert
• The Kalahari Desert
• The Namib Desert

13
Physical Geography of Africa

• Mountains
• no mts. of continental size
• Atlas Mountains
• Drakenberg Mts.
• Abyssian Highlands
• Volcanic Peaks of East Africa such as Mt. Kenya
  Mt. Kilimanjaro
• Great Escarpment (Zaire to Swaziland)

Mt. Kenya
14
Physical Geography of Africa

• Rivers
• The Nile (Abyssian Highlands to Mediterranean)
• The Niger (highlands of Guinea to delta of
  Nigeria
• The Congo River
  (Dem. Rep. Of The Congo)
• The Zambezi - (Zaire/Zambia
  boundary (Lualaba River) to
  Lake Malawi delta

15
Physical Geography of Africa

• Lakes
• Lake Victoria
• Lake Tanganyika
• Lake Malawi (Nyasa)
• Many of the rivers in Africa occupy the trenches
  cutting through the East African Plateau

16
Physical Geography of Africa

• Climates
• Symmetrical about the equator
• rainy tropical climates of equator
• savanna lands of trees with grass
• steppe lands of only grass
• arid conditions of Sahara Kalahari Deserts
• med. zones at extremities

17
Climates of Africa
18
Vegetation in Africa
19
Africa South of the Sahara

• Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa
• Physical Geography of Africa
• Cultural Geography of Africa
• Historical Geography of Africa
• African Sub-regions

20
Cultural Geography of Africa

• Population
• Languages
• Agriculture
• Economics
• Religion

21
Cultural Geography of Africa

• Population
• 763 million
• concentrations in Nigeria, Lake Victoria South
  Africa
• high mortality rates of Sahel, Ethiopia, West
  Africa
• poor soils,
• inadequate precipitation

22
Population Concentrations in Africa
23
Cultural Geography of Africa

• Population Characteristics
• Birth rates 40/1000
• Death rates 15/1000
• Natural Increase 25/1000
• Infant Mortality 91/1000
• Doubling Time 27 years
• Pop lt15 44
• Pop gt 65 3

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Cultural Geography of Africa

• Languages
• Diversity of African Languages indicating
  isolation over long periods of time
• Dozens of languages in a single country
• 1/7 of the inhabited world with 1/3 of the the
  languages

27
Cultural Geography of Africa

• Languages
• divides North Africa Africa South of the Sahara
• Afro-Asiatic north of Sahara
• Niger Congo languages in the south
• Malayo Polynesian in Madagascar
• Germanic in South Africa

28
Religions of Africa
29
Income levels of Africa
30
Cultural Geography of Africa

• Agriculture
• subsistence farming

31
Cultural Geography of Africa

• Agriculture

32
Cultural Geography of Africa

• Agriculture
• nomadic herding
• per capita food production decreasing

33
Africa South of the Sahara

• Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa
• Physical Geography of Africa
• Cultural Geography of Africa
• Historical Geography of Africa
• African Sub-regions

34
Historical Geography of Africa

• Pre European Prelude
• the absence of written history
• Trade with places like Timbuktu
• East Africa trade with China, India Indonesia
  Arabs
• Colonial Transformation
• 1600s series of coastal stations forts
• trade with African middlemen for slaves, gold,
  ivory spices
• Arabs had slave trade long before Europeans

35
Historical Geography of Africa

• Colonial Transformation (continued)
• 30 million slaves deported from Africa all over
  world
• European presence brought a reorientation of
  external trade
• interior states decline -
• Penetration into the interior not until mid of
  1800's
• 400 years later European carved up Africa
• Belgium Congo
• Portuguese Angola Mozambique
• French western Africa (France still maintains
  influence)

36
Languages of Africa
37
Africa South of the Sahara

• Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa
• Physical Geography of Africa
• Cultural Geography of Africa
• Historical Geography of Africa
• African Sub-regions

38
West Africa
Nigeria Burkina Faso Mauritania Mali Niger Senegal
Guinea Guinea Bissau Gambia Ivory Coast Sierra
Togo Benin Ghana Liberia
39
WEST AFRICA

• bulge Lake Chad to Senegal to coast to Sahara)
• large desert states to the north
• smaller coastal states
• most populated region
• cultured area
• coastal location favorable for trade

40
WEST AFRICA

• Nigeria
• Moslem north
• mid area poor unproductive disease
• oil reserves in the Niger delta
• urbanization 29
• capital Abuja in center

41
East Africa
Kenya Uganda Tanzania Rwanda Burundi The
Horn Ethiopia Somalia Eritrea Djibouti
42
East Africa

• highland plateau Africa - savanna
• Lake Victoria 3 major countries come together
• Tanzania
• largest country with 24 million
• country with out a prime core area
• African socialism
• cooperatives new villages
• cotton north/ tea south

43
East Africa

• Kenya 22.8 million
• good agricultural areas
• strong core area
• capitalist state
• Nairobi/Mombassa
• tourism
• pop. increase 4.2 annually
• doubling time is 17 years
• by 2025 4 times as many as today (83 million)
• over 1/2 pop under 15
• average 8 kids per woman

44
East Africa

• Uganda
• 16.2 million
• military regime of Amin 1971-1979
• 75,000 Asians evacuated commercial system fell
  apart
• death by violence 300,000
• economy still in shambles fragmented
• Burundi Rwanda 12 million

45
Central Africa
Chad Cameroon Central African Rep. Gabon Sao Tome
and Principe Equatorial Guinea Congo Democratic
Republic of the Congo (Zaire)
46
CENTRAL AFRICA

• Zaire, Congo, Cameroon, Central African Republic
• Gabon Equatorial Guinea
• Zaire 33 million 900,000 sq. miles
• wealth within the basin rim
• river system nuetralized by rapids
• independence in 1960

47
CENTRAL AFRICA

• Gabon
• modest oil reserves, forests lots of minerals
• Cameroon
• self sufficient in food, oil reserves

48
Southern Africa
South Africa Angola Namibia Botswana Zimbabwe Moza
mbique Zambia Malawi Madagascar Lesotho
49
Southern Africa

• South Africa
• the dominant political economic force
  military
• the continent's richest in minerals
• gold, chromium, diamonds, platinum,
• coal and iron ore.
• political influence in Southern Africa
• operates ports in Mozambique
• assistance programs in Malawi
• mediterranean agriculture wool
• plateau country

50
Southern Africa

• South Africa
• southern tip
• 471,000 square miles
• 34.7 million
• great ethnic diversity English, Boers, (5 mill)
• colored (3 mill)
• Asians, 1 mill Indians blacks (25 million)
• Dutch founded Cape Town in 1652
• 1800 the British
• Boer War 1899-1902 Afrikaners
• labor for sugar plantations mines

51
Southern Africa

• South Africa
• Johannesburg 2.2 mill (gold field)
• Pretoria 1 mill
• apartheid ( apart - hate) separateness
• Afrikaners policy in 1948
• minimize contact of ethnic groups
• homelands
• immigrant workers
• government- today must concentrate on keeping
  control

52
Southern Africa

• Zambia
• landlocked
• copper in south
• Zimbabwe chrome/asbesto
• steppe
• 9.6 million
• considerable economic potential
• Independence in 1980
• Malawi's core in south

53
Southern Africa

• Mozambique
• exit for Malawi, Zimbabwe and South Africa
• cashews coconut
• 14.7 Urbanized
• Independence in 1975

54
Southern Africa

• Angola conflict with South Africa in Namibia
  while
• fighting an insurgent state in the south
• central part of it's own territory.
• Oil
• coffee
• independence in 1975

55
Southern Africa

• Namibia
• copper, lead zinc steppe
• Lesotho
• mountainous enclave surrounded by South Africa
• poor landlocked

56
Africa South of the Sahara

• Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa
• Physical Geography of Africa
• Cultural Geography of Africa
• Historical Geography of Africa
• African Sub-regions

57
World Regional Geography

• C.J. Cox
• Instructor

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Africa South of the SaharaText Outline

• Africa in the New World Order
• African Cultures
• African Natural Environments
• Four subregions of Africa South of the Sahara
• Traditional, colonial modern landscapes
• Future Prospects

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Africa South of the Sahara

• Africa in the New World Order
• At the extreme periphery
• African Cultures
• tribes kingdoms
• religious influences
• colonial impacts
• independence outcomes prospects

61
Africa South of the Sahara

• African Natural Environments
• tropical climates
• changing climates
• ancient rocks, plateaus rifts
• ancient landscapes
• forests savannas deserts
• resources
• enviromental problems
• soil, diseases, drought

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Africa South of the Sahara

• Four subregions of Africa South of the Sahara
• Central Africa
• countries, people,economics, politics
• Western Africa
• countries, people,economics, politics
• Eastern Africa
• countries, people,economics, politics
• Southern Africa
• countries, people,economics, politics
• Traditional, colonial modern landscapes
• Future Prospects

63
Africa South of the Sahara

• Traditional, colonial modern landscapes
• Urban landscapes
• Colonial Cities
• New Cities
• Rural Landscapes
• Future Prospects

64
Africa South of the Sahara

• Future Prospects
• legacy
• tribal kingdoms slavery
• European colonization
• Independence Economic Colonialism
• Poor Governent Internal Strife
• Population Growth
• Global Warming

65
Africa South of the Sahara

• Future Prospects
• Disappointments Failure of Inappropriate Policies
• False Economies of Large-Scale Projects
• Currency Exchange Rates
• Slow Results from Structural Adjustment

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Africa South of the Sahara

• Future Prospects
• Disappointments
• Failure of Inappropriate Policies
• False Economies of Large-Scale Projects
• Currency Exchange Rates
• Slow Results from Structural Adjustment

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Africa South of the Sahara

• Future Prospects
• Basic Needs
• education
• infrastructure
• Internal or external impetus

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Africa South of the Sahara

• African Subregions
• African Cultures
• African Natural Environments
• Traditional, colonial modern landscapes
• Future Prospects

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