English Monarchy

1
English Monarchy Parliaments limits

• Chapter 21, Section 5

2
Plan of actionwhat are we going to do?

• 1 Understand why the monarchy opposed the
  parliament
• 2 Look at the English Civil War
• 3 View the Restoration the Revolution of
  1688
• 4 Discover what a Constitutional Monarchy is

3
Monarchs defy the Parliament

• Monarchs Leaders of the British government
• Parliament The representative assembly of the
  people
• Charles I
• Becomes king when father, James I, dies
• Charles I was constantly at war with Spain
  France
• Always needed moneyso how does he get it?

4
Charles I Parliament

• Usually parliament would give Charles I money
  from taxes to fund his wars
• From time to time, Parliament would deny fundsin
  return, Charles would dissolve Parliament
• 1628 Charles needs money, recalls parliament
• Parliament, using the upper hand, forces Charles
  to sign the Petition of Right

5
The Petition of Right

• In return for money to fund his war, Charles I
  agrees to
• No longer imprison persons without DUE CAUSE
• Not issue taxes without approval from Parliament
• No longer house troops in private homes
• No longer impose martial law in times of peace

6
The Petition of Right

• Largely ignoredthe King did not need
  Parliamentthe Parliament needed the King!
• Parliament is later dissolvedagain
• King Charles I issues many new tax programs
• Understandably, his popularity goes down over
  time
• Important, however, to push the idea that laws
  were more important that than the king
• Challenges the right of Absolute monarchs

7
The English Civil War

• Fought during the years of 1642 1649
• War was between the Puritans the Royalists
• Royalists
• Loyal to the crown
• Also known as Cavaliers
• Led by Charles I
• Puritans
• Disloyal to the crown
• Also known as Roundheads
• Led by Oliver Cromwell

8
Causes of war

• 1637 King Charles I attempts to force
  the Scottish to accept English version
  of the Bible
• Leads the Scottish to threaten war with England
• To be prepared, Charles I needs money to create
  an Army
• 1641 Parliament is back in session
• Use opportunity to limit royal power
• Pass a series of laws limiting kings power
• Result Protest and Anger within England

9
Protest and Anger lead to WAR

• Reaction to Parliaments actions
• King Charles I attempts to arrest Parliamentary
  leaders
• Leaders escape
• Londoners mob against the king
• King Charles escapes to the north of London
• This is the beginning of the English Civil War

10
English Civil War

• Initially No clear advantage for either
  side
• 1645 Puritans elevate Oliver Cromwell to
  leader of their army
• Cromwell creates the New Model Army and has clear
  advantage
• 1647 Puritans capture and hold King
  Charles I prisoner
• 1649 King Charles I is tried for treason
• Guilty and sentenced to death
• Monumental because no king had ever been executed
  before
• Leads to the rule of Oliver Cromwell

11
Cromwells rule

• Oliver Cromwell
• Abolishes the monarchy
• Established a republic style government
• Creates the House of Lords
• Creates (and later destroys) a Constitution for
  the English peoplethe first in Europe
• Rules until his death in 1658
• He is succeeded by Charles II (son of previously
  executed Charles I)

12
Restoration Charles II

• Rule of Charles II is known as the Restoration
• Charles restores the monarchy after Cromwells
  military rule
• Parliament, under Charles IIs rule, passes the
  law known as Habeas Corpus
• Habeas Corpus is a latin term that means To have
  the body
• It is important to the British because
• It meant that any prisoner had to be brought
  before a judge to hear charges in a court of law
• Judge would then decide if the prisoner would
  stand trial or be let free
• Essentially keeps the king from being able to
  illegally arrest someone

13
Glorious Revolution - Cause

• Without a true heir to the British throne,
  Parliament chose the next king
• Choice was James II
• Chosen because he the brother of Charles
• Openly Catholic
• Chose many Catholics to head positions in the
  government
• This was a violation of English law
• In 1688, James wife gives birth to a son
• Opens up the possibility for a dynastysomething
  that scares the people of England
• Leads directly to the Glorious Revolution of 1688

14
Glorious Revolution - 1688

• British Parliament invites daughter of James II
  to return, along with her husband, William of
  Orange to return to England to take the throne
• James II flees to France when Williams army
  marches on London
• The Glorious Revolution was a blood-free
  overthrow of the British king
• Re-established the Protestant rule in England

15
Constitutional Monarchy

• William Mary were not free to rule as they saw
  fitthey were governed by a constitution written
  by the English Parliamenthence a Constitutional
  Monarchy
• Laws governed the rule of the English King
• Parliament created the English Bill of Rights in
  1689
• Listed the things that a ruler could not do
• No suspension of Parliament law
• No taxes without approval from Parliament
• No interference with free speech in Parliament
• Freedom to petition the king for redress of
  grievances

16
Cabinet System

• Designed to prevent the government from coming to
  a standstill when parliament and the monarch
  disagreed
• The Cabinet was a set of individuals that
  mediated differences between the two and came up
  with an agreeable situation
• Made up of government ministers, those who
  controlled various aspects of the government
• Such as (examples)
• The Minister of Trade
• The Minister of Defense
• The Minister of the Budget

17
A recap

• Now you know all about
• The Petition of Right
• The English Civil War
• The Restoration
• The Glorious Revolution
• The English Bill of Rights
• The Cabinet System