Lab 11 Kingdom Animalia Phyla Chaetognatha, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Chordata

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Lab 11 Kingdom AnimaliaPhyla Chaetognatha,
Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Chordata

• Principles of Biology II Laboratory
• BSC 1011L
• Associate Professor Pamela L. Pannozzo

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Animal Embryonic Development
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Phylum Chaetognatha

• Arrow worms--Sagitta

• Invertebrate chordate 2 mm-12 cm, protostomes?
• Marine plankton
• Benthic
• Shallow, deep sea, polar
• spines on head used for hunting
• hermaphroditic

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Phylum Echinodermata

• Deuterostomate
• Marine animals
• Internal skeleton--ossicles
• Spiny epithelial layer
• Spines, pedicellaria
• Structure in five parts
• Tube feet
• Water vascular system
• Coelomate
• Oral/aboral surface
• Radial symmetry in adults, bilateral symmetry in
  larvae

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Phylum Echinodermata

• Subphylum Asterozoa
• Class Concentricycloideasea daisies
• Class Stelleroidea
• Subclass Asteroideasea stars
• Subclass Ophiuroideabrittle stars
• Subphylum Echinozoa
• Class Echinoideasea urchins, sand dollars
• Class Holothuroideasea cucumbers
• Subphylum Crinozoa
• Class Crinoideasea lilies, feather stars

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Subphylum Asterozoa

• Class Concentricycloideasea daisies

• Class Stellaroideasea stars, brittle stars

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Class Concentricycloidea

• Sea daisies
• Disk-shaped flat body, lt 2 cm
• Deep-sea gt 1000 m, on sunken wood
• Decomposers
• dioecious
• Discovered 1986

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Class Stellaroidea

• Subclass Asteroidea--Asteriassea stars

• Sea stars, brittle stars
• Five arms
• Madreporite
• Regeneration
• Tube feetlocomotion and feeding
• Feeds on oysters and clams

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madreporite
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Class Stellaroidia

• Subclass Ophiuroidea--Brittle stars

• Five arms
• Deep water under 500 meters
• Five-jawed mouth, open stomach
• Excretion and fertilization through bursa under
  arms

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Subphylum Echinozoa

• Class Echinoideasea urchin, sand dollar, sea
  biscuit

• Class Holothuroideasa cucumber

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Class Echinoidea

• Sea biscuit

• Sea urchins, sand dollars
• Spherical or disk shaped
• Ambulacrae/tube feet
• Feed on seaweed
• Gonopores
• Lunules
• peristome

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Class Holothuroidia

• Sea cucumber

• No arms, spines, or pedicellaria
• Filter feed
• Tentacles/tube feet
• Evisceration to escape predators
• regeneration

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Subphylum Crinozoa

• Class Crinoidea--feather stars

• Sea lilies, feather stars
• Shallow and deep water (gt 6000 m)
• Sessile or motile
• Filter feeders
• Mouth feeding arms

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Phylum Hemichordata

• Belanoglossus--acorn worms

• Invertebrate chordate
• Deuterostomate
• Marine, burrowing
• Stomochord (proboscis-gtpharynx)
• Coelomic
• Pharyngeal slits
• Nerve net dorsal, ventral nerve cords
• Closed circulatory system

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Phylum Chordata

• Notochord
• Dorsal nerve cord
• Pharyngeal pouches
• Tail
• Nerve cord moves to dorsal side
• Deuterostomate

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Phylum Chordata
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Phylum Chordata

• Invertebratesno backbone
• Subphylum Urochordatatunicates, sea squirts
• Subphylum Cephalochordatasea lancelets
• Vertebrateswith backbone
• Subphylum Vertebratabony vertebral column that
  encases nerve cord

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Phylum Chordata

• Subphylum Urochordata

• Subphylum Cephalochordata

• Tunicates, sea squirts

• Sea lancelets

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Subphylum Urochordata

• tunicates

• Marine filter-feeding animals
• Solitary/colonial
• Free or attached
• Free-swimming bilateraly symmetrical larvaehave
  notochord!
• Tunic
• Hermaphroditic

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Subphylum Urochordata

• Molgula

• Ciona

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Subphylum Cephalochordata

• Branchiostoma(Amphioxus)--lancelet

• Bilateral symmetry
• 5-7 cm
• Burrowing marine animals
• Notochord ends beyond anterior end of nerve cord
• Dorsal fin

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atriopore
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Subphylum Vertebrata

• Superclass Agnathajawless fishes
• Class Cephalospidomorphisea lamprey
• Superclass Gnathostomata
• Class Chondryichthessharks, rays
• Class Osteichthyesbony fishes
• Class Amphibiafrogs, toads, salamanders
• Class Reptiliareptiles
• Class Avesbirds
• Class Mammaliamammals
• Subclass Prototheriaegg-laying mammals
• Subclass Metatheriamarsupials
• Subclass Eutheriaplacental mammals

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Superclass Agnatha

• Class Cephalospidomorphisea lamprey

• Petromyzon

• Marine and freshwater
• No jawsparasitic, rasping tongue
• Cartilaginous skeleton

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Superclass Gnathostomata

• Class Condrichthyessharks, rays

• Squalusdogfish shark

• Marine
• Cartilaginous skeleton
• Internal fertilization
• Oviparous, ovoviviparous, and viviparous
• Cloaca
• Respiration through gills
• Lateral line system
• Arose 300 my ago

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Superclass Gnathostomata

• Class Osteicthyesbony fishes

• Perca

• Marine and freshwater
• Calcium phosphate endoskeleton
• Respiration through gills
• Swim bladder controls buoyancy
• Scales flat, bony
• Epidermal mucus
• Lateral line system

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Superclass Gnathostomata

• Class Amphibiafrogs, toads, salamanders

• Rana

• Water limited
• Secreted mucus
• Larval metamorphosis
• Gas exchange through moist skin
• External fertilization
• Oviparous, ovoviviparous, and viviparous
• Social behavior
• Rapidly declining habitat loss, pathogens,
  pollution

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Superclass Gnathostomata

• Class Reptilializards, snakes, turtles,
  alligators

• Terrestrial
• Keratinous scales
• Respiration through lungs or skin
• cloaca
• Internal fertilization, oviparous and viviparous
• ectothermic

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Superclass Gnathostomata

• Class Avesbirds

• Columba--pigeon

• Adaptations for flight
• bipedal
• Beak, toothless
• Wings, keratinous feathers
• Large pectoral muscles
• Endothermic
• Advanced visual development
• Cloaca
• Internal fertilization, oviparous
• brooding
• Social behaviors

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Superclass GnathostomataClass Mammalia

• Class Mammaliamammals

• Subclass Prototheriaegg-laying mammals

• Platypus, anteaters (Australia/New guinea)
• Hair
• Internal fertilization
• Milk secreted through stomach glands to fur

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Superclass Gnathostomata Class Mammalia

• Subclass Metatheria--marsupials

• Opossums, kangaroos, koalas

• Pouched mammals
• High metabolic rate
• Nipples
• Live birth
• Placental development of embyro
• Australia, Americas

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Superclass Gnathostomata Class Mammalia

• Subclass Eutheriaplacental mammals

• Mus musculus

• Complex placenta
• Long gestation
• Terrestrial, arboreal, aquatic, aerial
• Herbivores, omnivores, frugivores, follivores,
  carnivores
• Highly developed brain, nervous system
• Social behavior