Progressive%20Era

1
Progressive Era

• American History

2
Rise of Progressive Reform

• People need to combat the impact of
  industrialism, urbanization, and immigration.
• Reform begins in the middle class, especially
  with women.
• Government changes from being the oppressor to a
  protector.

3
Darwinism

• Society is currently evolving, however survival
  of the fittest doesnt apply to different groups
  of society.
• Idea changes from the bad in people to the
  potential for good.
• Society was still in bad shape though.

4
Behaviorism

• The environment shapes the individual.
• Causes of evil/sin living conditions, working
  conditions, bad parents, etc

5
Progressive Journalists

• Many books and magazines tackled social reform
  and social decay.
• McClures Magazine exposed the Tweed Ring and
  Standard Oil
• Jack London wrote The Iron Heel about a bloody
  revolution coming without changes to society
• Others like Jacob Riis, and Upton Sinclair
• Teddy Roosevelt calls these journalists Muckrakers

6
Birth of Social Work

• Russell Sage Foundation 1908-1914 six volume
  work on the urban cycle
• Poor children were likely to grow up to be poor
  themselves, not because of heredity but because
  of deprivation.
• Jane Adams Hull House Chicago kids
• Margaret Sanger N.Y. chronic pregnancy
  birth control

7
Progressive Demands

• Better working conditions for children
• Better hours and pay for everyone else
• Workplace safety
• After the Shirtwaist tragedy the courts had to
  respond.

8
Courts Response

• At first the courts were not willing to change.
• Freedom contracts cant limit work hours
• Life, liberty, social change would limit this
  for business.
• Changes with the Brandies Brief a 102 page
  legal document with facts about the workplace.
  Brings about the 10 hour workday.

9
City Reform

• Clean-up of the city is job one city
  sanitation.
• Lawrence Veiller housing reform
• New buildings need a courtyard for light and air
• One bathroom per apartment or per three rooms
• Jane Adams playgrounds, parks, hospitals
• Daniel Burnham city planning (like D.C.)

10
Urban Moral Reform

• Two chief outcomes of unemployment crime,
  break-up of families
• Theory prohibit alcohol those things decrease.
  Alcohol is the downfall of society.
• By 1900 avg. person consumed over 2 gallons of
  alcohol a year.
• 50 of Chicago and Boston visited a bar at least
  once a day.

11

• Anti-Saloon League and the Womens Christian
  Temperance Union pushed for reform. (This is a
  male vs. female thing)
• By 1917 ¾ of the population live in dry counties
  and 2/3 of states prohibited the manufacture and
  sale of alcohol.

12
18th Amendment - Prohibition

• Passes in 1917 ratified by states in 1919
• Saloons were the social center of town, this
  didnt change.
• Why?

13
Why? Answered.

• Bootlegging, gambling, prostitution, and
  organized crime all increased due to prohibition.
• Prostitution social evil of the cities
• Chicago had almost 15,000
• Birth of the red-light district
• Poverty causes prostitution

14
Movies

• Movies were forced to clean up their act.
• No kissing on TV till the 50s, twin beds etc

15
Womens Suffrage

• Suffrage voting rights
• Began in the west where women were seen as
  equals.
• 19th Amendment proposed in 1919, ratified in 1920.

16
Limits of Progressivism

• The U.S. is still extremely racist. Help the poor
  usually only applied to help the white poor.
• Eugenics immigrants were biologically inferior.
• Nativism a preference for native born citizens.
• Madison Grant wrote and popularized the idea of
  the lesser breeds are threatening to
  mongolize America. Very popular idea, convinced
  Margaret Sanger.
• Jane Adams wasnt quite convinced Melting Pot
  America. Education the only key to helping
  people.

17
Native Americans

• Progressives supported the Dawes Act of 1887.
  This act was to help Native Americans become
  private land owners and end reservation life.
• The act was a failure for Native Americans.
• The next step was just as badassimilation try
  to mold into a different culture.

18
Immigration

• Split the progressivesto help or not. After all
  the immigrants were the ones causing the social
  problems. (drinking, gambling, gangs, political
  machines)
• Americanization was the answer viewed as
  similar to breaking a horsepainful but necessary

19
Progressivism in the States

• Rural states felt like they couldnt help reform.
• Robert Lafollette Gov. of WI comes up with the
  Wisconsin Idea regulate RRs, control
  corruption, expand civil service, and a direct
  primary.
• This leads to state income tax, a commission of
  safety and sanitation.
• Also leads to the 17th Amendment the direct
  election of Senators.

20
Progressivism goes to Washington

• 9/6/1901 President McKinley was assassinated by
  Leon Czolgosz who was unemployed and upset.
• The two bullets took 8 days to kill the
  President.
• Teddy Roosevelt takes over, although a
  conservative he supports reform.
• FYI Lincoln 1865, Garfield 1881, McKinley 1901,
  TR 1912 but he finished his speech.

21
Teddy Roosevelt

• Wealthy family in NY.
• Born very sick became physically fit
• Rodeo, judo, Mt. climber, hunter, explorer etc..
• Rough Rider hero of the Spanish-American War
• Named the White House, the first Prez. to ride in
  a car, fly, and be in a submarine.
• Environmentalist
• Trustbuster Speak softly and carry a big
  stick
• Teddy Bear

22
Square Deal

• Regulate Big Business not destroy it, just
  clean it up.
• Government job is to mediate and find solutions
• Anthracite Coal Strike workers agreed with
  owners, owners change mind. TR leaks info to Wall
  St. that hed have the army take overowners
  caved right away.

23
Conservation

• TR sets up National Parks Yellowstone and many
  others.
• This is mainly because of his love of nature and
  because of John Muir
• John Muir- Sierra Club Yosemite National Park