C H A P T E R

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C H A P T E R
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• CIS 300 MIS
• Course Introduction
• Chang-Yang Lin
• cy.lin_at_eku.edu www.cis.eku.edu/cylin

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Several Terms

• E-World Digital Age Digital Firms
• Information Technology (IT)
• Information Systems (IS)
• Office Workers Knowledge Workers End-Users
  End-User Managers
• E-Business E-Commerce

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Information Technology (IT)

• COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY (HARDWARE SOFTWARE)
• PROCESSING STORING INFORMATION
• COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
• TRANSMITTING INFORMATION

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(No Transcript)
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CIS 300 - MIS

• The MIS Concept
• Why Studying IS/MIS
• What You Need to Know
• System Concepts
• Types of Business Information Systems
• Roles Trends
• Managerial Challenges of IT
• Course Website

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The MIS Concept

• The MIS concept addresses the use of IT to
  improve individual and organizational performance
  at two levels
• producing better tangible outputs
• developing tools and processes that allow better
  management decision making

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Level 1 Better Tangible Outputs

• IT is used to make the process in producing a
  tangible output more efficient and more effective
• Implication Issues
• whether or not to use IT
• selecting the proper IT
• employing correct procedures for the utilization
  of the IT

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Level 2 Intangible Outputs

• A schematic view - the information/decision level
• MIS involves identifying the key decisions that
  are related to reaching objectives, on
  determining the proper information needed to make
  these decisions, and on improving the decision
  processes employed to make the decisions.
• Implications Activity at this level concentrates
  on developing tools and processes that allow
  better management decision making

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The MIS Concept - Level 2Intangible Outputs
(achieving desired objectives)
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Data versus Information
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Information Concepts
The body of guidelines and procedures used to
select, organize, and manipulate data to make it
suitable for a specific task.
A collection of facts organized in such a way
that they have additional value beyond the value
of facts themselves.
Raw facts
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Information Concepts
Knowledge Base The collection of rules,
procedures, and relationships that must be
followed to achieve informational value or proper
process outcome.
ProcessA set of logically related tasks
performed to achieve a defined outcome.
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Types of Data

• Data represented by
• Alphanumeric Data Numbers, letters, and other
  characters
• Image Data Graphic images or pictures
• Audio Data Sound, noise or tones
• Video Data Moving images or pictures

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The Value of Information(Figure 1.2)
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Characteristics of Valuable Information

• Accurate information is error free
• Complete information contains all of the
  important facts
• Flexible information can be used for a variety of
  purposes
• Reliable information can be depended on
• Relevant information is important to the decision
  maker
• Timely information is delivered when it is needed
• Verifiable
• Accessible

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Attributes of Information Quality
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System Concepts

• What is a system?
• A set of components that interact to accomplish
  goals
• Systems can be viewed as process models in terms
  of their inputs, outputs, processing, and
  feedback/control mechanisms. Examples.
• What is an IS?
• A set of interrelated components that collect
  input, process, and output data and information
  and provide a feedback/control mechanism
• What is a CBIS?
• An IS that uses IT.
• Components hardware, software, databases,
  networks, people, procedures

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System Examples

• University an example
• Inputs students, faculty, textbooks
• Processing mechanisms teaching, research,
  service
• Output graduates
• Goal acquisition of knowledge
• The Manufacturing System
• - another example
• Other Examples
• Subsystem, interface,
• open, adaptive

Boundary
Feedback
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A Manufacturing System Generic Components
Environment
Control by Management
Feedback Signals
Feedback Signals
Control Signals
Control Signals
Manufacturing Process
Input of Raw Materials
Output of Finished Products
System Boundary
Other Systems
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Systems Some Examples

• University
• Inputs Students, Faculty, Textbooks
• Processes Education/Courses
• Output graduates
• Feedback surveys, grades
• Toyota Plant
• Inputs raw materials, components
• Processes assembly line
• Output mini-vans
• Feedback customer surveys, quality reports

• Fast Food IS
• Inputs consumer orders
• Processes processing software
• Output receipts, cooks order list
• Feedback invalid entry message
• Video Store IS
• Inputs rentals, returns
• Processes processing software
• Output reports, rental agreement
• Feedback error repots

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System Classifications and Characteristics
Subsystem System Boundary Interface Open,
Adaptive Systems
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Input, Processing, Output, Feedback/Control
Output that is used to make changes to input or
processing activities
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Components of an Information System
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Procedures

• Procedures - set of instructions used by people
  to complete a task
• Procedures include the strategies, policies,
  methods, and rules for using the CBIS.
• Examples procedures describe
• When each program is to be run
• Who can have access to database
• What is to be done in case of a disaster

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System Performance StandardsEfficiency and
Effectiveness

• Efficiency a measure of what is produced
  divided by what is consumed
• an improved product
• the same level product produced cheaper or faster
• the improvement in the product exceeds the
  increased cost

• Effectiveness a measure of the extent to which
  a system achieves its goals.
• Goal to reduce damaged parts by 100 units
• Q Actual reduction in damaged parts using a
  control system is only 85 units. Effectiveness?
• A The effectiveness of the control system is 85
  percent

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An IS Framework for Business Professionals
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What You Need to Know

• Foundation Concepts Fundamental concepts about
  the components and roles of IS
• IT Major concepts, developments, and management
  issues in information technologies
• Business Applications The major uses of IS for
  the operations, management, and competitive
  advantage
• Development Processes How end users or
  information specialists develop and implement IS
• The challenges of effectively and ethically
  managing information technologies, strategies,
  and security at the end user, enterprise, and
  global levels of a business

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Major Roles of Information Systems
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History of the Role of IS
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Trends in ISs

• Data Processing 1950s -
• Transaction processing, record keeping,
  traditional accounting applications
• Management Reporting 1960s -
• MIS predefined management reports for
  decision-making purposes
• Decision Support 1970s -
• DSS interactive ad hoc support of the
  managerial decision-making process
• Strategic and End User Support 1980s -
• EUC, Executive Information Systems, Expert
  Systems, Strategic Information Systems
• Electronic Business and E-Commerce 1990s -

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The Electronic Business
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Ethical Dimensions of IT

• What uses of IT might be considered improper,
  irresponsible, or harmful to other individuals or
  to society?
• What is the proper use of an organizations
  information resources?
• What does it take to be a responsible end user of
  IT?
• How can you protect yourself from computer crime
  and other risks of IT?