Biology Chapter 18

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Biology Chapter 18

• Classification

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• taxonomy - study of classification
• Aristotle - given first credit for biological
  classification
• Carlus Linnaeus (Carl von Linne) - developed our
  present system of classification

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Why Classify?

• Dolphin

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Why Classify?

• cougar
• mountain lion
• puma

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Present System of Classification

• uses language of latin
• system uses binomial (two-name) nomenclature
• creatures are known by their genus and species
  name
• based on structure, DNA, evolutionary descent
• ex human Homo sapien
• gorilla Gorilla gorilla
• antlion Myrmeleontidae immaculatus
• harvester ant Pogonomyrmex occidentalis
• genus name and species name underlined (or
  italicized)
• genus name capitalized, species name lower case

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FYI
Marine Stewardship Council
Forest Stewardship Council
Purple Martin Arrival
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Levels of Classification
tree frog
human
Domain Kingdom Phylum (Division) Class Order Fami
ly Genus Species
Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primate Homin
idea Homo sapien
Eukarya Animalia Chordata Amphibia Salientia Ranid
ea Rana pipiens
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Domain Archaea

• KINGDOM Archaebacteria
• many live in extreme environments (ex no O2)
• cell walls WITHOUT peptidoglycan
• autotroph or heterotroph
• unicellular
• prokaryote (no organelles)
• microscopic
• ex extremophiles

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Domain Bacteria

• KINGDOM Eubacteria
• cell walls WITH peptidoglycan
• autotroph or heterotroph
• unicellular
• prokaryote (no organelles)
• microscopic
• ex blue-greens, bacteria

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DOMAIN Eukarya

• KINGDOMS
• Animalia
• heterotroph (cannot make their own food)
• multicellular
• motile (move)
• ex insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds,
  mammals
• Plantae
• autotroph (contain chlorophyll)
• multicellular
• nonmotile (most)
• ex any green plant

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Kingdom Animalia
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Kingdom Plantae
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DOMAIN Eukarya (continued)

• KINGDOMS
• Fungi
• heterotroph
• single cell or multicellular
• ex mushroom
• Protist - autotroph or heterotroph
• single cell
• eukaryote (organelles present)
• ex paramecia, euglena, amoeba

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Protist Kingdom
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Fungi Kingdom
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Fish Dichotomous Key
2. Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides 3.
Rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri 4. Smallmouth
bass Micropterus dolomieui 5. Brook
trout Salvelinus fontinalis 6.
Walleye Sizostedion vitreum vitreum 7. Brown
trout Salmo trutta 9. Northern pike Esox
lucius 11. Striped bass Morone saxatilis 13.
Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus 15.
Carp Cyprinus carpio 16. Yellow perch Perca
falvescens
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Jordan Gross
Macy Diehl
March 2008
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