Distribution of monarch butterflies

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Distribution of monarch butterflies
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Monarch aggregation
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Rose-breasted grosbeak
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Baltimore oriole
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Dilution effect members of big groups are less
likely to be eaten
Predation risk
No. of prey in area
butterflies Killed by birds
Size of the aggregation
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Blue jays vomit poisonous butterflies
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Conflicting selection pressures affect food choice
Pro-edible plants
Pro-toxic plants
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Classical example of Batesian mimicry
Non-toxic host plant
Toxic milkweed
Monarch Viceroy (O. Lepidoptera)
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The queen butter is the classic Mullerian mimic
of the monarch