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Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)

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Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) Common viral disease of cattle that affects the ... Shows classical BVD symptoms including oral and gastrointestinal ulcers and diarrhea. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)


1
Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)
  • Common viral disease of cattle that affects the
    respiratory, digestive, reproductive, lymphoid,
    and nervous system
  • Caused by a pestivirus (Togaviridae)
  • Occurs world wide, affects cattle of all ages,
    however most commonly seen in cattle 8-24 months
    of age.

2
BVD
  • BVD is immunosuppressive
  • Transmission through contact with infected cattle
    by inhalation or ingestion of infected saliva,
    nasal discharge, ocular discharge, urine or
    feces.
  • Data indicates that 50-90 of cattle world wide
    have been exposed
  • Currently only about 13 of cow-calf operations
    in the US vaccinate for BVD
  • Animals infected with BVD during late pregnancy
    (120-150 days of pregnancy) may produce calves
    with congenital defects (cerebral hypoplasia,
    cataracts, tight curly hair or lack of hair.
  • Sometimes produce calves that are referred to is
    having weak calf syndrome.

3
  • Two biotypes of BVD
  • Non-cytopathic BVD- has little effect on cultured
    cells.
  • Cytopathic BVD- kills susceptible cell cultures.
  • Persistently infected (PI) cattle are those
    animals infected in utero with non-cytopathic BVD
    during the first four months of pregnancy. These
    animals are persistently infected and either
    develop mucosal disease or chronic BVD following
    exposure to cytopathic BVD, these animals shed
    virus while alive.

4
  • BVD takes on different forms
  • Acute BVD
  • Usually a mild disease characterized by fever,
    reduction in WBC count, and suppression of the
    immune system making the animals susceptible to
    other diseases.
  • Pregnant animals usually show no clinical
    symptoms however they may abort, have fetal
    mummification, birth defects, premature calves,
    weak calves or calves with persistent BVD
    infection.
  • In confined cattle or stressed cattle acute BVD
    may cause severe respiratory disease or diarrhea.

5
  • Mucosal BVD
  • Shows classical BVD symptoms including oral and
    gastrointestinal ulcers and diarrhea.
  • Fever 104-1060F, mild bloating, anorexia,
    depression and dehydration.
  • Fecal material may have blood in it from
    hemorrhaging ulcers.
  • Animals can die with 48 hrs (due to severe
    dehydration caused by high fever and diarrhea).

6
  • Chronic BVD
  • Similar to mucosal form, occurs after persistent
    infection
  • Animals die more slowly
  • Chronic BVD are capable of spreading large
    amounts of the BVD virus.

7
  • Atypical BVD
  • New type seen in the US in dairy cattle.
  • High death loss
  • Symptoms include high fever, loss of appetite,
    milk production ceases, occasional diarrhea,
    respiratory distress, and death within 48 hours
    of onset.
  • USDA researchers classify this as Type 2.

8
Prevention
  • Vaccinate
  • Be sure to follow the label, two injections of
    killed vaccine are necessary. A single initial
    dose of vaccine does not provide adequate
    protection. This vaccine can be safely
    administered to pregnant animals.
  • A modified live BVD vaccine for use in
    non-pregnant animals. A single dose of vaccine
    is adequate.
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