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MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST TURKISH STATE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE (TSMS)

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1. Turkish State Meteorological Service October-2004. MINISTRY OF ... Heavy rain, blizzards, high wind speeds. Mersin, Izmir, Istanbul, Ankara, Icel, Yalova. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST TURKISH STATE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE (TSMS)


1
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTTURKISH STATE
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE(TSMS)
  • MODERN WEATHER FORECASTING SYSTEMS
  • Mr. Nurettin ÇAM
  • Deputy-Director General of
  • Turkish State Meteorological Service

2
Meteorological Hazard Distribution
3
24 hours Long Term Intensive Rainfall Diss.
4
Long Term Flood Hazard Distribution
5
Weather Induced Disasters in Turkey
1 Aug. 2001 - Izmir
16 Feb.2001- Antalya
27 Dec. 2001- Mersin
23 Dec.2001- Mersin
6
Weather Induced Hazards (1993-2003)
Date Area Affected Event Type Economic Loss Deaths
9-15 May 1993 Eastern and Southeastern Regions. Heavy rain. Hundreds of houses damaged. Major losses to agriculture. 5
1-2 Dec. 1994 SE, Adana. Heavy rain. Hundreds of houses damaged. Major losses to agriculture.
1-5 May 1995 Eastern Anatolia, Bitlis. Heavy rain. 23,000,000.00
8-14 July 1995 Istanbul, Senirkent, Ankara, Trabzon. Heavy rain, landslides. 30,000,000.00 70
3-5 Nov. 1995 Izmir, Isparta, Antalya Floods. 50,000,000.00 61
6 Feb. 1996 Izmir, Antalya, Canakkale. Heavy rain. 1,000 houses damaged. 5
9 Aug. 1996 Istanbul. Heavy rain 4,000,000.00
11-13 Aug. 1997 Istanbul, Zonguldak, Bursa, Bolu. Heavy rain, landslides. 1,000,000.00 13
7
Weather Induced Hazards (1993-2003)Cont.
Date Area Affected Event Type Economic Loss Deaths
6-22 May 1998 North, Southeast, South and Anatolia. Heavy rain, large hail, landslides, mudslides. 2,000,000,000.00 27
12 June 1998 Sanliurfa, Diyarbakir. Heavy rain. Roads flooded, bridges destroyed. 8
9-13 Aug. 1998 Trabzon. Terraintial rain, landslides. 300 buildings, 1 mosque destroyed. 10
27 May 2000 Samsun, Tokat, Carsamba, Salipazari. Heavy rain. Hundreds of houses flooded, roads, bridges damaged . 2
7-18 May 2001 Hatay, Osmaniye, Konya, Nevþehir Rainstorm, terraintial rain 3,500,000.00 3
10-12 May 2001 Antalya. Heavy rain. 500 homes flooded, 37 buildings damaged, 4 bridges collapsed.
10-14 Nov. 2001 Rize, Artvin. Heavy rain, mudslides. Buildings, roads, highways, bridges damaged. 8
Dec. 2001 Mersin, Izmir, Istanbul, Ankara, Icel, Yalova. Heavy rain, blizzards, high wind speeds. 30,000,000.00 5
23-25 July 2002 Rize, Corum, Yozgat, Kars, Tokat, Van. Terraintial rain, high wind speeds, mudslides. 20,000,000.00 40
8
Drought Map Of Turkey
9
Avalanche Events
10
Turkey Emergency Flood and Earthquake Recovery
(TEFER) Project
  • In order to reduce the invers effects of the
    natural hazards
  • Turkish Government and World Bank initiated a
    nation wide
  • project called TEFER which includes, inter
    alia, establishment of
  • 206 Automatic Weather stations
  • HPC for Mesoscale Meteorological Modelling
  • 106 Hydrological Stations
  • 3 Meteorological Doppler Radars
  • Hydrological modelling to estimate runoff.

11
Components of Modern Weather Forecasting System
Observations in situ Satellite Radar
Numerical Weather Prediction Models-NWP (Global
and Regional Models)
Telecommunication System
International Met. Organizations WMO, ECMWF,
EUMETSAT
CENTRAL FORECASTING OFFICE
WARNINGS AND DAILY FORECASTS
12
Observations
  • Synoptic stations,
  • Automated Weather Station Systems (AWOS)
  • Observations from ships and buoys,
  • Radiosondes (made with baloons),
  • AIREPS (from flights),
  • Weather radars,
  • Polar and geostationary satellites.

13
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14
Global Oservational Data Coverage
15
Natural Hazards Mitigation Project (TEFER)
  • In order to reduce the invers effects of the
    natural hazards
  • Turkish Government and World Bank initiated a
    nation wide
  • project called TEFER which includes, inter
    alia, establishment of
  • 206 Automatic Weather stations
  • HPC for Mesoscale Meteorological Modelling
  • 106 Hydrological Stations
  • 3 meteorological Doppler Radars
  • Hydrological modelling to estimate runoff.

16
Locations of AWOS,RADARs and Hydrometric
Stations
17
AutomaticWeather Stations
  • Automatic Weather Observation Systems (AWOS)
    consist of sensors, data collection unit to
    which sensors are connected, observer console,
    and display units to be installed at the places
    where the meteorological data displaying is
    compulsory such as meteorology office, tower or
    terminal building.
  • AWOS, are used for the purpose of measuring
    meteorological parameters, evaluation, recording,
    displaying, distribution of these data to the
    necessary locations continually and in reliable
    way, transmitting of the prepared messages by
    system or operator, to the main
    telecommunications computer of Turkish State
    Meteorological Service in Ankara via a satellite.

18
AWOS measures the following Meteorological
Parameters
  • Wind Speed, Wind Direction
  • Air Temperature,
  • Relative Humidity,
  • Barometric Pressure,
  • Rainfall (precipitation),
  • Soil Temperature,
  • Soil Moisture,
  • Cloud Height,
  • Visibility (and RVR)
  • Evaporation,
  • Global Solar Radiation,
  • Direct Solar Radiation,
  • Sunshine Duration,
  • Runway Temperature

19
Doppler Meteorological Radars
  • Radar perceives, defines target, follows the
    movement and measures
  • Hidrometeor (raindrops,hail,snow,..etc),
  • Atmospheric nuclei,
  • Cloud particles,
  • Ice particles,
  • All moving matter (including birds, insect,
    plane... etc)
  • and create products to visualize these data.

20
Radar products are used in meteorology for
  • NOWCASTING
  • Definition of current weather conditions
  • 0-6 hour forecasting (0-2 hour for one radar)
  • Location and intensity prediction of
    precipitation
  • Direction of wind
  • Thunderstorm
  • Classification of hydrometeor
  • Gust Front
  • WARNING
  • Flash flood
  • Thunderstorm
  • Microburst-Macroburst
  • Strong Surface wind, Windshear
  • Hail, Heavy snow
  • Turbulance

21
Radar Coverage Plan for Entire Turkey
Zonguldak
Istanbul
ANKARA
Balikesir
22
Zonguldak Radar Site
Zonguldak, Acisu Tepesi -South of Zonguldak-
1108m height
23
Istanbul Radar Site
Istanbul, Büyükkuskaya Tepesi, -North of Çatalca-
378m height
24
Balikesir Radar Site
Balikesir, Akçaldede Tepesi -West of Balikesir -
642m height
25
Ankara Radar Site
  • Technical features
  • C-Band Doppler
  • Klystron Transmitter tube
  • Dual Polarization
  • Radom-Sandwich type
  • Sotware-Rainbow

1807m above the mean sea level
26
A coverage of current radars
27
Data Transmission Very Small Aperture Terminal
(VSAT)
  • VSAT network, is a numerical system to provide
    data (voice, fax, video, TV, radio and internet)
    communication from remote systems via satellite
  • From one point to multi point
  • Easy set up
  • Possible to extend with low cost
  • No need to wait dial up voice
  • No delay and interruption
  • High quality communication
  • Well-adjusted with all communication data
    format

28
  • Purposes of having VSATs
  • To transmit meteorological and hydrological data
    from
  • 3 doppler weather radars,
  • 206 AWOS (Automatic Weather Observation System),
  • 129 HS (Hydrologic Stations),
  • 18 Airports.
  • for each kind of weather conditions and disasters
    like flash-floods.
  • VSAT Systems Provides
  • Radar data in normal condition each 15 min, when
    it is necessary each 5 min can be received.
  • AWOS data each one hour in normal weather, and
    each 5 min for severe weather conditions can be
    received.

29
VSAT NETWORK

30
  • Numerical Weather Prediction Suite in Use
  • Medium range forecasting system (4-10 days)
  • ECMWF IFS Deterministic Model Products
  • ECMWFEPS Model Products (Ensemble Prediction
    System-EPS)
  • ECMWF Wave Model Products
  • Short-range forecasting system (0-48 hours)
  • MM5 is run operationally four times a day for
    00, 06, 12, 18 UTC. The range of the each run is
    48 hours. There are two nested-domains. The
    resolution of domain-1 is 27km and the resolution
    of domain-2 one is 9km.
  • 3. Wave Forecasts (0-72 hours)METU-WAVE3 model
    -which is originally developed at Middle East
    Technical University-Ankara- is used to make
    daily wave forecasts.

1 flash composed of several strokes
31
MM5 Operationally Used Nests MM5 with two way
nesting capabilitiy is run for two selected
domains. Domain-1 has 27km horizontal resolution,
domain-2 has 9km resolution.

2. DOMAIN (9km resolution)
1. DOMAIN (27km resolution)
32
NWP System Infrastructure
  • TEFER-High Performance Computer System
  • IBM pSeries 690 High Performance Computer
  • 1 node with 16 CPUs (each 1.3 Ghz)
  • 32 GB total memory size
  • 16x36.4 GB hard disk capacity
  • IBM pSeries P630 (Data and Product Server)
  • 4 CPUs (each 1.45 Ghz)
  • 4 GB total memory size
  • 25x36.4 GB hard disk capacity
  • IBM pSeries P630 (with 3-D capability)
  • 2 CPUs (each 1.45 Ghz)
  • 2 GB total memory size
  • 11x36.4 GB hard disk capacity

33
  • IBM pSeries P630 (Test Machine)
  • 2 CPUs (each 1.45 Ghz)
  • 2 GB total memory size
  • 4x36.4 GB hard disk capacity
  • IBM Intel P4 based workstations run under
  • SuSE Linux 8.2 and Windows XP
  • 3.0 Ghz CPU
  • 72 GB SCSI hard disk capacity
  • 2 GB RAM
  • Other Supportive Systems
  • SGI ORIGIN 2200 Server, R12000 MIPS
  • 300 Mhz x 2 CPU, 1GB memory, 60 GB HDD
  • SGI ONYX2 Workstation, R10000 MIPS
  • 180 Mhz x 2CPU, 256 MB memory, 43 GB HDD

Cloud Lightning (IC)
34
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