Title: MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST TURKISH STATE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE (TSMS)
1MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTTURKISH STATE
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE(TSMS)
- MODERN WEATHER FORECASTING SYSTEMS
- Mr. Nurettin ÇAM
- Deputy-Director General of
- Turkish State Meteorological Service
2Meteorological Hazard Distribution
324 hours Long Term Intensive Rainfall Diss.
4Long Term Flood Hazard Distribution
5Weather Induced Disasters in Turkey
1 Aug. 2001 - Izmir
16 Feb.2001- Antalya
27 Dec. 2001- Mersin
23 Dec.2001- Mersin
6Weather Induced Hazards (1993-2003)
Date Area Affected Event Type Economic Loss Deaths
9-15 May 1993 Eastern and Southeastern Regions. Heavy rain. Hundreds of houses damaged. Major losses to agriculture. 5
1-2 Dec. 1994 SE, Adana. Heavy rain. Hundreds of houses damaged. Major losses to agriculture.
1-5 May 1995 Eastern Anatolia, Bitlis. Heavy rain. 23,000,000.00
8-14 July 1995 Istanbul, Senirkent, Ankara, Trabzon. Heavy rain, landslides. 30,000,000.00 70
3-5 Nov. 1995 Izmir, Isparta, Antalya Floods. 50,000,000.00 61
6 Feb. 1996 Izmir, Antalya, Canakkale. Heavy rain. 1,000 houses damaged. 5
9 Aug. 1996 Istanbul. Heavy rain 4,000,000.00
11-13 Aug. 1997 Istanbul, Zonguldak, Bursa, Bolu. Heavy rain, landslides. 1,000,000.00 13
7Weather Induced Hazards (1993-2003)Cont.
Date Area Affected Event Type Economic Loss Deaths
6-22 May 1998 North, Southeast, South and Anatolia. Heavy rain, large hail, landslides, mudslides. 2,000,000,000.00 27
12 June 1998 Sanliurfa, Diyarbakir. Heavy rain. Roads flooded, bridges destroyed. 8
9-13 Aug. 1998 Trabzon. Terraintial rain, landslides. 300 buildings, 1 mosque destroyed. 10
27 May 2000 Samsun, Tokat, Carsamba, Salipazari. Heavy rain. Hundreds of houses flooded, roads, bridges damaged . 2
7-18 May 2001 Hatay, Osmaniye, Konya, Nevþehir Rainstorm, terraintial rain 3,500,000.00 3
10-12 May 2001 Antalya. Heavy rain. 500 homes flooded, 37 buildings damaged, 4 bridges collapsed.
10-14 Nov. 2001 Rize, Artvin. Heavy rain, mudslides. Buildings, roads, highways, bridges damaged. 8
Dec. 2001 Mersin, Izmir, Istanbul, Ankara, Icel, Yalova. Heavy rain, blizzards, high wind speeds. 30,000,000.00 5
23-25 July 2002 Rize, Corum, Yozgat, Kars, Tokat, Van. Terraintial rain, high wind speeds, mudslides. 20,000,000.00 40
8Drought Map Of Turkey
9Avalanche Events
10Turkey Emergency Flood and Earthquake Recovery
(TEFER) Project
- In order to reduce the invers effects of the
natural hazards - Turkish Government and World Bank initiated a
nation wide - project called TEFER which includes, inter
alia, establishment of - 206 Automatic Weather stations
- HPC for Mesoscale Meteorological Modelling
- 106 Hydrological Stations
- 3 Meteorological Doppler Radars
- Hydrological modelling to estimate runoff.
11Components of Modern Weather Forecasting System
Observations in situ Satellite Radar
Numerical Weather Prediction Models-NWP (Global
and Regional Models)
Telecommunication System
International Met. Organizations WMO, ECMWF,
EUMETSAT
CENTRAL FORECASTING OFFICE
WARNINGS AND DAILY FORECASTS
12Observations
- Synoptic stations,
- Automated Weather Station Systems (AWOS)
- Observations from ships and buoys,
- Radiosondes (made with baloons),
- AIREPS (from flights),
- Weather radars,
- Polar and geostationary satellites.
13(No Transcript)
14Global Oservational Data Coverage
15Natural Hazards Mitigation Project (TEFER)
- In order to reduce the invers effects of the
natural hazards - Turkish Government and World Bank initiated a
nation wide - project called TEFER which includes, inter
alia, establishment of - 206 Automatic Weather stations
- HPC for Mesoscale Meteorological Modelling
- 106 Hydrological Stations
- 3 meteorological Doppler Radars
- Hydrological modelling to estimate runoff.
16Locations of AWOS,RADARs and Hydrometric
Stations
17AutomaticWeather Stations
- Automatic Weather Observation Systems (AWOS)
consist of sensors, data collection unit to
which sensors are connected, observer console,
and display units to be installed at the places
where the meteorological data displaying is
compulsory such as meteorology office, tower or
terminal building. - AWOS, are used for the purpose of measuring
meteorological parameters, evaluation, recording,
displaying, distribution of these data to the
necessary locations continually and in reliable
way, transmitting of the prepared messages by
system or operator, to the main
telecommunications computer of Turkish State
Meteorological Service in Ankara via a satellite.
18AWOS measures the following Meteorological
Parameters
- Wind Speed, Wind Direction
- Air Temperature,
- Relative Humidity,
- Barometric Pressure,
- Rainfall (precipitation),
- Soil Temperature,
- Soil Moisture,
- Cloud Height,
- Visibility (and RVR)
- Evaporation,
- Global Solar Radiation,
- Direct Solar Radiation,
- Sunshine Duration,
- Runway Temperature
19Doppler Meteorological Radars
- Radar perceives, defines target, follows the
movement and measures - Hidrometeor (raindrops,hail,snow,..etc),
- Atmospheric nuclei,
- Cloud particles,
- Ice particles,
- All moving matter (including birds, insect,
plane... etc) - and create products to visualize these data.
-
20Radar products are used in meteorology for
- NOWCASTING
- Definition of current weather conditions
- 0-6 hour forecasting (0-2 hour for one radar)
- Location and intensity prediction of
precipitation - Direction of wind
- Thunderstorm
- Classification of hydrometeor
- Gust Front
- WARNING
- Flash flood
- Thunderstorm
- Microburst-Macroburst
- Strong Surface wind, Windshear
- Hail, Heavy snow
- Turbulance
21Radar Coverage Plan for Entire Turkey
Zonguldak
Istanbul
ANKARA
Balikesir
22Zonguldak Radar Site
Zonguldak, Acisu Tepesi -South of Zonguldak-
1108m height
23Istanbul Radar Site
Istanbul, Büyükkuskaya Tepesi, -North of Çatalca-
378m height
24Balikesir Radar Site
Balikesir, Akçaldede Tepesi -West of Balikesir -
642m height
25Ankara Radar Site
- Technical features
- C-Band Doppler
- Klystron Transmitter tube
- Dual Polarization
- Radom-Sandwich type
- Sotware-Rainbow
1807m above the mean sea level
26A coverage of current radars
27Data Transmission Very Small Aperture Terminal
(VSAT)
- VSAT network, is a numerical system to provide
data (voice, fax, video, TV, radio and internet)
communication from remote systems via satellite - From one point to multi point
- Easy set up
- Possible to extend with low cost
- No need to wait dial up voice
- No delay and interruption
- High quality communication
- Well-adjusted with all communication data
format
28- Purposes of having VSATs
- To transmit meteorological and hydrological data
from - 3 doppler weather radars,
- 206 AWOS (Automatic Weather Observation System),
- 129 HS (Hydrologic Stations),
- 18 Airports.
- for each kind of weather conditions and disasters
like flash-floods. - VSAT Systems Provides
- Radar data in normal condition each 15 min, when
it is necessary each 5 min can be received. - AWOS data each one hour in normal weather, and
each 5 min for severe weather conditions can be
received.
29VSAT NETWORK
30- Numerical Weather Prediction Suite in Use
- Medium range forecasting system (4-10 days)
- ECMWF IFS Deterministic Model Products
- ECMWFEPS Model Products (Ensemble Prediction
System-EPS) - ECMWF Wave Model Products
- Short-range forecasting system (0-48 hours)
- MM5 is run operationally four times a day for
00, 06, 12, 18 UTC. The range of the each run is
48 hours. There are two nested-domains. The
resolution of domain-1 is 27km and the resolution
of domain-2 one is 9km. - 3. Wave Forecasts (0-72 hours)METU-WAVE3 model
-which is originally developed at Middle East
Technical University-Ankara- is used to make
daily wave forecasts.
1 flash composed of several strokes
31MM5 Operationally Used Nests MM5 with two way
nesting capabilitiy is run for two selected
domains. Domain-1 has 27km horizontal resolution,
domain-2 has 9km resolution.
2. DOMAIN (9km resolution)
1. DOMAIN (27km resolution)
32NWP System Infrastructure
- TEFER-High Performance Computer System
- IBM pSeries 690 High Performance Computer
- 1 node with 16 CPUs (each 1.3 Ghz)
- 32 GB total memory size
- 16x36.4 GB hard disk capacity
- IBM pSeries P630 (Data and Product Server)
- 4 CPUs (each 1.45 Ghz)
- 4 GB total memory size
- 25x36.4 GB hard disk capacity
- IBM pSeries P630 (with 3-D capability)
- 2 CPUs (each 1.45 Ghz)
- 2 GB total memory size
- 11x36.4 GB hard disk capacity
33- IBM pSeries P630 (Test Machine)
- 2 CPUs (each 1.45 Ghz)
- 2 GB total memory size
- 4x36.4 GB hard disk capacity
- IBM Intel P4 based workstations run under
- SuSE Linux 8.2 and Windows XP
- 3.0 Ghz CPU
- 72 GB SCSI hard disk capacity
- 2 GB RAM
- Other Supportive Systems
- SGI ORIGIN 2200 Server, R12000 MIPS
- 300 Mhz x 2 CPU, 1GB memory, 60 GB HDD
- SGI ONYX2 Workstation, R10000 MIPS
- 180 Mhz x 2CPU, 256 MB memory, 43 GB HDD
Cloud Lightning (IC)
34Thanks for your kind attention...