Northern Europe

1
Northern Europe

• Geography Activity

2
The Celtic Nations

• Alba Cymru Kernow
  Mannin Galicia Briezh
  Eire
• Scotland Wales Cornwall
  Isle of Man Spain Brittany
  Ireland

3

• Rivers Oceans      Mountains        Others
• Atlantic Ocean     Ben Nevis           Scotl
  and           
• 
  Boyne Valley
• Thames River   East Highlands    
  Wales               
• Barrow River
  Stonehenge
• Trent River        West Highlands
       Cornwall           
• Brecon Beacons  
  Newgrange
• Severn River        Snowdonia          Isle
  of Man
• Lee River     Wicklow Mountains
• Shannon River      
  Iberian Peninsula    
• Loire River          Mournes Mountains
  Brittany
•            
  Ireland

4
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vcg-F6QHkwyk
5
Cornwall
6
Wales
Scotland
Brittany
Isle of Man
7
Topography
Stonehenge
8

• Built between 3100 and 1550 BC, Stonehenge is
  located on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England.
• Stonehenge's axis is pointed in the direction of
  the sunrise at the summer and winter solstices.
• Site used for Celtic Solstic Rituals 
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vd4IF6LaC0eQ
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v4UXLWXepk1U

Stonehedge
9
Druid Stonehenge Site
10
Carlin, known as the Queen of the Cailleach lives
at Ben Nevis the highest mountain range in the
united kingdom. She is known to have created the
landscape and control the weather.
Ben Nevis
Snowdon The welsh name Eryri means 'place of
the eagles'
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vNfeIbUaHNfs
11
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vtE3PumAfOYo
12

• Thames River The river's name is derived from the
  Celtic Temese and Tamesis or Tamesa - meaning
  "Dark one".
• The river Thames has its own diety, Old Father
  Thames, who appears as a bearded man with healing
  powers.
• A confluence of three rivers, where the Tyburn
  enters the Thames from the north and the Effra
  from the south, and the tidal turning point would
  have made this a sacred area for Celtic tribes.
• In 1998 the Thames Archaeological survey found
  the remains of a huge oak bridge built 3500 years
  ago were votive offerings of valuable goods to
  appease the spirits of the river were unearthed
• The Celts saw rivers as the life giving forces of
  health, and plenty, and offered them rich gifts
  and sacrifices. At one time rivers were thought
  of as deities with powers to cure illness
  (south-running rivers)

13
Topography
14
Boyne
15

• The Boyne Valley is the believed resting place of
  The Dagda, Father of the Gods
• In Boyne Valley are Newgrange, Knowth and Dowth,
  centers of Celtic activity and rituals
• Newgranges chamber and passages are illuminated
  during winter solstice
• It was the Winter Solstice that was believed to
  be the time both of death and rebirth, in Celtic
  Tradition

16
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vDbKkwCx5zyM
17

• the spiral was used to represent the sun
• A loosely wound anti-clockwise spiral represented
  the large summer sun.
• A tightly wound, clockwise spiral represented
  their shrinking winter sun.
• A double spiral is used to represent the
  equinoxes, when day and night are of equal length

Newgrange Entry Stone
18
Winter Solstice
19
 http//www.youtube.com/watch?vzGe-txewrJo
20

• On the banks of the Shannon Rover, stands the
  ruin of one of the largest ancient Celtic
  monuments a place of learning and pilgrimage.
• According to Celtic legend, Rowan trees once
  dropped their bright red berries into a sparkling
  well full of salmon.
• Fish that ate the fruit grew red spots and great
  wisdom, and men labored to catch and eat these
  "fish of knowledge.
• Women were barred from catching the salmon.
• A brave rebel name Sionan caught and ate one of
  the wise fish. The next moment, a great flood
  burst from the well forever carrying her westward
  to the sea. This is now the longest river in the
  land.

21
Topography
22
 http//www.youtube.com/watch?vuMA7k_-jLSU
Home of the goddess of fertility Brigene (sp)