Human Needs and Mobile Devices: Small, Fast

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Human Needs and Mobile DevicesSmall, Fast
FunBen Shneiderman ben_at_cs.umd.eduFounding
Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction
LabProfessor, Department of Computer
ScienceMember, Institutes for Advanced Computer
Studies Systems ResearchUniversity of
MarylandCollege Park, MD 20742
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Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory
Interdisciplinary research community -
Computer Science Psychology - Information
Studies Education
(www.cs.umd.edu/hcil)
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User Interface Design Goals

• Cognitively comprehensible Consistent,
  predictable controllable
• Affectively acceptable Mastery,
  satisfaction responsibility
• NOT
• Adaptive, autonomous anthropomorphic

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Scientific Approach (beyond user friendly)

• Specify users and tasks
• Predict and measure
• time to learn
• speed of performance
• rate of human errors
• human retention over time
• Assess subjective satisfaction
  (Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction)
• Accommodate individual differences
• Consider social, organizational cultural
  context

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Design Issues

• Input devices strategies
• Keyboards, pointing devices, voice
• Direct manipulation
• Menus, forms, commands
• Output devices formats
• Screens, windows, color, sound
• Text, tables, graphics
• Instructions, messages, help
• Collaboration communities
• Manuals, tutorials, training

www.awl.com/DTUI hcibib.org useit.com
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Library of Congress

• Scholars, Journalists, Citizens
• Teachers, Students

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Visible Human Explorer (NLM)

• Doctors
• Surgeons
• Researchers
• Students

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NASA Environmental Data

• Scientists
• Farmers
• Land planners
• Students

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Bureau of Census

• Economists, Policy makers, Journalists
• Teachers, Students

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NSF Digital Government Initiative

• Find what you need
• Understand what you Find

• Census,
• NCHS,
• BLS, EIA,
• NASS, SSA

www.ils.unc.edu/govstat/
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International Childrens Digital Libary
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Zooming User Interfaces

www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/jazz
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/datelens
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ZUI Pocket PhotoMesa
www.windsorinterfaces.com
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Leonardos Laptop
The old computing is about what computers can
do, The New Computing is about what people can
do
mitpress.mit.edu/leonardoslaptop www.cs.umd.edu/h
cil/newcomputing
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An Inspirational Muse Leonardo da Vinci
(1452-1519)

• Renaissance Man
• Combined science art
• Integrated engineering esthetics
• Balanced technology advances human
  values
• Merged visionary practical

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Health Wellness Devices

• More people are familiar with technologies
• Low cost makes them widely available
• ?Social shift? to take greater responsibility for
  personal health care, fitness wellness
• ? Personal health wellness devices
• However
• Lack of common interface inhibits growth
• Lack of common file format prevents collaboration

Surveys www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/iHealth/ Class
Projects www.cs.umd.edu/class/spring2004/cmsc434/
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Health Wellness Devices

• Monitoring chronic conditions
• Asthma, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure
• Depression, anxiety, sleep disorders
• Aging in place
• Cognitive memory aids, monitoring, social
  interaction
• Sports training
• Pedometers, body fat meters, bathroom scales
• Family history personal health records
• Genetic history, vaccinations, medications,
  allergies
• Emergency treatment info, medical contacts

www.marketresearch.com/map/prod/924670.html
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Blood Glucose
www.homediagnosticsinc.com/
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Blood Pressure Pulse Rate
www.promedproducts.com
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Heart Rate Thermometer
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Body Fat
www.linear-software.com/digitalcalipers.html
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Standardize Improve Health Wellness Devices

• Issues
• Ease of use
• Accuracy of device in use
• Logging to common file format
• Save/Send to health providers
• Annotation by patient physician
• Interpretation of results
• Visualize to spot patterns

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HCI Theories
Beneficial theories - Descriptive -
Explanatory - Predictive - Prescriptive but
the big step forward will be -
Generative Theories to guide our invention of
new technologies
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Human Needs

• What makes a mobile device different from a
  Desktop/Laptop?

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Human Needs

• What makes a mobile device different from a
  Desktop/Laptop?
• What sensors do you want?

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Human Needs

• What makes a mobile device different from a
  Desktop/Laptop?
• What sensors do you want?
• What do you want to store?

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Human Needs

• What makes a mobile device different from a
  Desktop/Laptop?
• What sensors do you want?
• What do you want to store?
• What messages do you want to get? Send?

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Human Needs

• What makes a mobile device different from a
  Desktop/Laptop?
• What sensors do you want?
• What do you want to store?
• What messages do you want to get? Send?
• Do you see a pattern yet?

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Mobile Device User Interface Taxonomy (DUIT)
(1) capture info from a locationshare
info to a location (2) monitor info
stream outputalert when info stream
changes (3) locate objects (nearest cafe or
hotspot) identify objects (name of a person
or flower) (4) gather messages from many
people spread message to many people (5)
participate as individual in a group relate
to individual in a group
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Human Needs for Relationships

• Relationships
• Self working on your own
• Family Friends 2-50 close intimates
• Colleagues Neighbors 50-5000 acquaintances
• Citizens Markets 5000 and more
•  

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Human Needs for Activities

• Activities
• Collect Information
• Relate Communication
• Create Innovation
• Donate Dissemination

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Activities and Relationship Table (ART)
Activities Collect Relate Create
Donate

• Relationships
• Self
• Family Friends
•  
• Colleagues Neighbors
•   
• Citizenry Markets
•  

Skeptics corner - Are relationships more
complex? - Are these useful activities?
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Activities and Relationship Table (ART)
Activities Collect Relate Create
Donate

• Relationships
• Self
• Family Friends
•  
• Colleagues Neighbors
•   
• Citizenry Markets
•  

Identicam PhotoDiary
PhotoFinder PhotoMesa Album sharing StoryStarter Family photo history
PhotoFinder Kiosk PhotoWall
PhotoFinder Webstarter PhotoQuilt Photo sharing
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Activities and Relationship Table (ART)
Activities Collect Relate Create
Donate
Relationships Self Family Friends  
Colleagues Neighbors    Citizenry
Markets  
Medical log Diary
Find-a- Friend MusicLists Family vacation history
InfoDoors GatherEmail Send-a-Link
WebBushes WorldWide Med Million person communities Medical diagnosis Tourist sharing
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Takeaway Messages

• Mobile devices are huge opportunity
• Small, fast fun
• Low-cost, easy-to-use, specific service
• Focusing on human needs will guide you to
  more successful product designs
• Device User Interface Taxonomy (DUIT)
• Activities Relationship Table (ART)

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The old computing is about what computers can
do, The New Computing is about what people can
do
Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil
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Takeaway Messages

• Design functions to serve human needs
• Usability reliability to prevent frustration
• Engage users with fun
• Alluring metaphors
• Compelling content
• Attractive graphics
• Appealing animations
• Satisfying sounds

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Photo Annotation

• Annotating repurposing photos in the Semantic
  Web context Retrieve by personal attributes
• name, date, topic?
• age, country, organization??
• weight, necksize, hair color?????
• Retrieve by mediated attributes
• numbers of papers/citations in WWW
• other conferences they attended
• names of students they supervised

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Goals of Public Access 

• Enable full participation by every citizen
• Voting, social security services, passports,
  licenses, registrations, permits, recreation,
  state-county-city government services
• Offer services to many residents visitors
• Visa applications, tourism info, employment,
  healthcare, police, fire, education, training,
  museums, parks, libraries

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Universal Usability Challenges

• Technology variety
• Fast slow modems, small large displays
• Diverse platforms, multiple versions
• User diversity
• Novice expert, old young
• Users with disabilities, poor literacy, or low
  motivation
• Bridge the gap between what users know and
  what they need to know
• Multi-layer interfaces
• Help vs. ShowMe!

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• Technology variety

1 to 100 range in processor speeds 286 486
Pentium
Device Independence Input keyboard,
speech,... Output visual, auditory,...
Conversion
1 to 100 range in screen sizes Palm
devices Laptops Large Desktop or Wall
Display 30,000 480,000
3,840,000 pixels
Software Versions Compatibility File
conversion Multiple platforms
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• User diversity Accommodate all users

Skills Computer newbie to hacker Knowledge
Domain novice to expert
Disabilities Visual, auditory, motoric,
cognitiveDisabling conditions Mobility,
injury, noise, sunlight
Age Young to old Gender Male or Female
Income Impoverished to wealhy
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User diversity Accommodate all users
Race Ethnicity Religion National Origin
Culture Western, Eastern,
developing... Personality Introvert vs
extravert Thinking vs feeling Risk aversion
Locus of control Planful vs playful
Literacy Fluent to illiterate Multiple
languages
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Gaps in User Knowledge-Strategies

• Bridge the gap between what users know and what
  they need to know

Online Learning (evolutionary, phased)
Introductory tutorials Getting started manuals,
Cue cards Walkthroughs/Demos
Minimalist/Active
Design Multi-Layered Task-oriented
Training Fade-able scaffolding Training
wheels Minimalist
Online help Context sensitive, tables of
contents, Indexes, Keyword search, FAQs,
answer gardens
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Gaps in User Knowledge-Strategies

• Bridge the gap between what users know and what
  they need to know

Customer service Email Phone Help desks
Supplements Online manuals, paper Audio,
video, Live lecture, peer training, personal
trainer
Community Newsgroups, online communities Chat
rooms
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Public Access Universal Usability

• Our Project Resources www.ils.unc.edu/govstat
• www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/newcomputing
• www.universalusability.org
• www.otal.umd.edu/uupractice
• Government Access www.usability.gov
• www.firstgov.gov
• www.fedstats.gov
• Guidelines
• www.usability.gov/pdfs/guidelines.html
  www.access-board.gov/sec508/status.htm

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Designing the User Interface 4th Edition
I Introduction 1  Usability of Interactive
Systems 2  Guidelines, Principles, and
Theories II Development Processes
3  Managing Design Processes   4  Evaluating
Interface Designs 5  Software Tools   III
Interaction Styles 6  Direct Manipulation and
Virtual Environments   7  Menu Selection,
Form Fillin, and Dialog Boxes   8  Command
and Natural Languages   9  Interaction
Devices   10  Collaboration   IV Design
Issues 11  Quality of Service   12  Balancing
Function and Fashion   13  User Manuals, Online
Help, and Tutorials   14  Information Search
and Visualization  
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Treemap Monitoring
www.hivegroup.com
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Treemap Gene Ontology
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemap/
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Dynamometers Inclinometers
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Information Visualization

• The eye
• the window of the soul,
• is the principal means
• by which the central sense
• can most completely and
• abundantly appreciate
• the infinite works of nature.
• Leonardo da Vinci
• (1452 - 1519)

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PhotoMesa
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/photomesa
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LifeLines
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/lifelines/
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Treemap Stock market, industry clustered
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Treemap Product catalogs
www.hivegroup.com
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Personal Medical

• Anxiety
• Depression

Asthma