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National Research Initiative Program Priorities in Human Nutrition, Obesity and Food Safety

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Title: National Research Initiative Program Priorities in Human Nutrition, Obesity and Food Safety


1
National Research InitiativeProgram Priorities
in Human Nutrition, Obesityand Food Safety
  • 2005 National Nutrition, Food Safety, and Health
    Conference
  • Etta Saltos
  • National Program Leader, Human Nutrition
  • March 31, 2005

2
Bioactive Food Components for Optimal
HealthNational Program Leader Etta Saltos
esaltos_at_csrees.usda.gov
  • Mechanistic studies of bioavailability, function,
    efficacy and safety of physiologically active
    dietary components and neglected nutrients
  • Interrelationships among dietary components in
    promoting health
  • Mechanisms underlying relationship between diet
    and optimal health

3
Bioactive Food Components for Optimal Health
  • Changed focus of program to place emphasis on
    physiologically active components in foods,
    although work on traditional nutrients still
    covered
  • Behavioral nutrition shifted to Human Nutrition
    and Obesity program (began in 04)
  • Program does NOT cover research
  • on dietary supplements!

4
Bioactive Food Components for Optimal Health
  • of Proposals Submitted 118 (104 standard
    research proposals, 6 conference proposals, 8
    seed/equipment /research career enhancement
    proposals
  • of Proposals Awarded 19 (10 standard research
    grants, 6 conference grants, 1 seed grant, 1
    equipment grant, 1 research career enhancement
    award)
  • Success 10 (standard grants)
  • Average Award Size - 400,000 (standard grants)
  • Average Award Duration (years) 3.2 (standard
    grants)

5
Highlight 1 Ahluwalia, Iron Status and Immune
Response in Homebound Older Women
Objective Determine effects of Fe deficiency on
measures of immune function in homebound older
women Evaluate functional benefits associated w/
improvement in Fe status
Graphic
  • Approach
  • Select apparently healthy, homebound women 60-85
    yo collect 2 blood samples to evaluate immune
    function and nutritional status collect diet
    recalls
  • Provide supplements to Fe-deficient subjects for
    2 months collect samples and assess status as
    above

Impact Apparently healthy women were found to
have impaired immune function and quality of life
(shortness of breath, attention problems)
resulting from Fe deficiency Results will impact
Dietary Reference Intakes and dietary guidance
for older women
6
Highlight 2 Kant, Consumption of Energy-Dense,
Nutrient-Poor Foods by American Children
Objective To determine the proportion of daily
energy and macronutrients from energy-dense,
nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods in the diets of US
children (8-18 yo)
Graphic
  • Approach
  • Secondary analysis of NHANES III, 1988-1994 for
    4800 children
  • Analysis to determine proportion of daily energy
    and macronutrients from EDNP foods association
    of consumption of EDNP foods with adequacy of
    intake of protein and micronutrients, assoc of
    consumption of EDNP foods with health biomarkers,
    etc.

Impact EDNP foods are widely consumed and
associated with reduced intakes of
micronutrients Children who consumed school lunch
were less likely to consume EDNP foods Provides
data to support policy decisions
7
Human Nutrition and ObesityNational Program
Leaders Etta Saltos esaltos_at_csrees.usda.gov
Susan Welsh swelsh_at_csrees.usda.gov
  • All projects must address some aspect of food as
    it relates to obesity

8
Human Nutrition and Obesity
  • Research funding limit 500 K
    totalEpidemiologic studies of factors related to
    obesity prevention (including secondary data
    analysis)
  • Integrated funding limit 1.5 M total
  • Influence of social/psychological factors
  • Role of lifestyle, physical activity,
    culture/ethnicity
  • Role of educational factors, access to
    information
  • Influence of economic factors, public policy

9
Human Nutrition and ObesityProgram Changes for
FY 2005
  • Added research objective for epidemiologic
    studies (as noted on previous slide)
  • Increased maximum award size for integrated
    projects from 1M total to
  • 1.5 M total

10
Human Nutrition and Obesity
  • of Proposals Submitted -- 88
  • of Proposals Awarded anticipate 13 awards,
    plus 2 Bridge Grants
  • Success 15 (excluding Bridge Grants)
  • Average Award Size - 734,000 (excluding Bridge
    Grants)
  • Average Award Duration (years) 3.7years
    (excluding Bridge Grants)

11
Highlight 1 Fleming, Randomized Controlled
Community Intervention to Reduce the Risk of Type
2 Diabetes in Overweight African American Children
Objective As stated in title
Graphic
  • Approach
  • Intervention among 9-10 yo children, Oakland, CA
    2 wk summer camp, 2 yrs of weekly unstructured
    and monthly reinforcement sessions
  • Healthy eating, physical activity, self-esteem
    and self-efficacy
  • Measure responses at 3 months, and 1 and 2 years
    post-intervention

Impact Funding began in April 2004 If successful,
serves as model where health, not weight is the
focus of the intervention
12
Highlight 2 Tanumihardjo, Promotion of High
Vegetable Consumption as a Weight-Loss Strategy
and General Well-Being
Objective Conduct clinical trial with vegetable
consumption as an intervention Promote
consumption of vegetables at state (WI) and local
levels
Graphic
  • Approach
  • Wt. loss intervention in 2 groups of obese
    adults diet rich in vegetables (8 svgs/day) vs.
    500 kcal reduction, low fat diet
  • Use serum carotenoids as biomarkers to measure
    compliance
  • Develop lesson plans, educational materials,
    recipes for outreach via CES

Impact Project began in April, 2004 If
successful, serve as model for interventions that
require little training and medical supervision
13
Epidemiologic Approaches for Food
SafetyNational Program Leader Mary Torrence,
mtorrence_at_csrees.usda.gov
  • Goals- Enhance epidemiologic methods improve the
    understanding of epidemiology, ecology and risk
    factors of food-borne disease provide specific
    intervention/control strategies to develop
    outcome measurements address emerging issues in
    food safety and public health
  • Objectives-
  • Identification or evaluation of risk factors
  • Quantifying effect on food-borne disease from
    interventions, management strategies, prevention
    or control programs
  • Development of quantitative outcome measures

14
Epidemiologic Approaches for Food Safety
  • In 2004, the maximum award went from 1.5 million
    to 1.0 million
  • Approx. 4 million total support
  • Will be similar to previous years
  • More focus on intervention, control programs and
    impact
  • Less focus on prevalence studies

15
Epidemiologic Approaches for Food Safety
  • 30 Proposals Submitted
  • 3 Proposals Awarded
  • 10 Success
  • Range 578,000- 1,465,000
  • Average Award Duration (3 years)

16
Highlight 1D. Smith, A novel Strategy to Detect
E.coli in feedlot cattle
Objective To develop a novel strategy to
determine prevalence of foodborne organism in
feedlots. Identify risk factors for increased
prevalence of E.coli O157H7. Case control study
in a large feedlot Impact Patent pending-
Developed a single efficient method of sampling
feedlot cattle for foodborne pathogens. Less
burdensome, less stress for the animals and
specific and sensitive. Other investigators using
it. (9 research papers, 3 book chapters, 10
publications 2 post docs, 4 graduate students)
17
Highlight 2 T. Besser, Risk Factors for E.coli
in Feedlot Cattle
  • Objective Determine risk factors for E.coli
    prevalence in feedlot cattle and evaluate
    potential intervention strategies
  • Impact Determined that chlorination alone will
    not decrease the prevalence of E.coli in the
    feedlot. The shape of water sources are most
    important. This is a significant finding and is
    being used as guidance by FSIS.
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