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Elokuvan Historia II

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Title: Elokuvan Historia II


1
Elokuvan Historia II
  • Neorealismista uuteen aaltoon

2
Felix A. Morlion, The philosophical basis of
Italian cinematic neorealism
  • Neo-realism's thesis is that the screen is a
    magic window which opens out on to the "real"
    that cinematic art is the art of recreating,
    through the exercise of free choice upon the
    material world, the most intense vision possible
    of the invisible reality inherent in the
    movements of the mind. The basis of every good
    work of art is not what people think about
    reality, but what reality actually is. Through a
    shared vision of existence, both artists and
    audiences forget with pleasure those artistic
    inventions which merely served as means for the
    creation of that new-born thing ... The
    neo-realist school has taken a great step
    forward. It has forsworn vanity to reach the true
    aim of cinema to express reality.

3
Luigi Chiarini Petetty Neorealismi (1955)
  • Otettiin henkilöt suoraan todellisuudesta eikä
    käytetty populaarifiktion vakiotyyppejä
  • Kuvattiin tosiasioita ja todella tapahtunutta
    keinotekoisten seikkailujen ja komedioiden sijaan
  • Pyrittiin valokuvalliseen dokumentointiin
    elokuvallisen kikkailun sijasta
  • Kulissien sijasta käytettiin kaupunkia ja
    maaseutunäkymiä ympäristön luomiseksi
    tapahtumille

4
Geoffrey Nowell-Smith (1968)
  • Realistinen aiheen käsittely
  • Kansanomaiset ympäristöt
  • Sosiaalinen sisältö
  • Historiallinen todenmukaisuus
  • Poliittinen kantaaottavuus

5
Neorealismi ohjaajia ja elokuvia
  • LUCHINO VISCONTI Ossessione (1943), La terra
    trema (1948)
  • ROBERTO ROSSELLINI Roma, citta aperta (1945),
    Paisa (1946), Germania anno zero (1947)
  • VITTORIO DE SICA Sciuscià (1946) Ladri di
    biciclette (1948), Umberto D (1952)
  • GIUSEPPE DE SANTIS Riso amaro (1948)

6
Neorealismo rosa
  • ROBERTO CASTELLANI Sotto il sole di Roma (1948),
    Due soldi di speranza (1952)
  • LUIGI COMENCINI Pane, amore e fantasia (1953),
    Pane, amore e gelosia (1954)
  • DINO RISI Pane, amore e ... (1955), Poveri ma
    belli (1954)

7
Kohti uutta elokuvaa
  • ROBERTO ROSSELLINI Stromboli (1949), Viaggio in
    Italia (1953)
  • MICHELANGELO ANTONIONI Le amiche (1955), Il
    Grido (1957)
  • FDEDERICO FELLINI Lo Sceicco bianco (1952), I
    Vitelloni (1953), La Strada (1954), Il Bidone
    (1955)

8
Ranskalainen laatuelokuva
  • JACQUES DELANNOY La Symphonie pastorale (1946)
  • ANDRÉ CAYATTE Justice est faite (1950), Nous
    sommes tous des assassins (1952)
  • CLAUDE AUTANT-LARA Le diable au corps (1947),
    LAuberge rouge (1954), Le Rouge et le noir
    (1954)
  • RENÉ CLÉMENT La bataille du rail (1946) Jeux
    interdits (1952)

9
Ranskalaisia 50-luvun mestareita
  • MAX OPHULS La ronde (1950), Le plaisir (1952),
    Lola Montès (1955)
  • JACQUES BECKER Rendez-vous de juillet (1949)
    Casque d'or (1952), Le Trou (1960)
  • ROBERT BRESSON Le Journal d'un curé de campagne
    (1950), Un condamné a mort s'est écxhappé (1956),
    Pickpocket (1959) Jean d'Arch (1961)
  • JACQUES, TATI Jour de fête (1949), Les Vacances
    de monsieur Hulot (1953), Mon Oncle (1958),
    Playtime (1967)

10
Uuden aallon ennakointia elokuvakirjoittelussa
  • ALEXANDER ASTRUC Uuden avant-garden synty
    caméra-stylo
  • ANDRÉ BAZIN JACQUES DONIOL-VALCROZE Les
    Cahiers du Cinéma (1951)
  • FRANÇOISE TRUFFAUT "Une certaine tendance du
    cinema francais" (1954)

11
Vasen ranta
  • AGNES VARDA Cléo de cinq à sept (1958)
  • JACQUES DEMY Lola (1961), Les Parapluies de
    Cherbourg (1964)
  • ALAIN RESNAIS Hiroshima, mon amour (1959),
    LAnnée dernière à Marienbad (1961), Muriel
    (1963), La Guerre est finie (1966)
  • ROBBE-GRILLET Trans-Europ-Express (1966), L'Eden
    et après (1970)

12
Uusi aalto
  • FRANÇOISE TRUFFAUT Les Quatre cent coups (1959),
    Tirez sur le pianiste (1960), Jules et Jim
    (1962), La Chambre verte (1978)
  • JEAN-LUC GODARD A bout de souffle (1959), Une
    femme est une femme (1961), Deux ou trois chose
    qui je sais delle (1966), Le Gai savoir (1968)
  • ERIC ROHMER La Collectionneuse (1967), Ma nuit
    Chez Maud (1969)
  • JACQUES RIVETTE Paris nous appartient (1960),
    Suzanne Simonin, la regieuse de Diderot (1965),
    Lamour fou (1968)
  • CLAUDE CHABROL Les Cousins (1959), Les Bonnes
    femmes (1960)

13
400 what?
  •  Faire les quatre cent coups  - to get into a
    lot of trouble, be a real troublemaker.
  • The title, Les quatre cent coups is literally
    translated as The 400 Blows however, since it's
    an idiom, a direct translation is imperfect. The
    phrase loosely means "Raising Hell", and, while
    that's not an English interpretation, it's a
    reasonable approximation. The 400 Blows sounds
    like a movie about violence and abuse, or (if
    you're thinking in sexual terms) something
    salacious. When the film opened in the late '50s,
    more than a few viewers were treated to an
    entirely different experience from what they
    expected. (A widely circulated, possibly
    apocryphal story says that the Weinstein brothers
    attended this movie expecting a sex flick. They
    were so astounded by what they saw that their
    entire perspective on cinema changed, eventually
    leading them to found Miramax.)

14
Muita 60-luvun ranskalaismestareita
  • ROGER VADIM Et dieu créa la fémme (1956)
  • LOUIS MALLE Les Amants (1958), Le Feu follet
    (1963)
  • JEAN-PIERRE MELVILLE Le Doulos (1963), Le
    Samourai (1967), LArmée des ombres (1969), Le
    Cercle rouge (1970)

15
Italialaisen elokuvan kultakausi
  • PIETRO GERMI Divorzo all'italiana (1961)
  • LUCHINO VISCONTI Rocco e i suoi fratelli (1960),
    Il Gattopardo (1963)
  • FEDERICO FELLINI La Dolce vita (1960), Otto e
    mezzo (1963), Satyricon (1969)
  • MICHELANGELO ANTONIONI LAvventura (1960), La
    Notte (1961) LEclisse (1962), Il Deserto rosso
    (1964)
  • ERMANO OLMI Il posto (1961)
  • PIER PAOLO PASOLINI Accattone (1959), Il Vangelo
    secondo Matteo (1964), Ucellacci e ucellini
    (1966), Edipo re (1967), Teorema (1968), Medea
    (1969), Il Porcile (1969, Decamerone (1971), I
    racconti di Cantebury (1972), Il fiore delle
    mille e una notte (1973)
  • BERNARDO BERTOLUCCI Prima della rivoluzione
    (1964), Il Conformista (1970)
  • FRANCESCO ROSI I Magliari (1959), Salvatore
    Giuliano (1962), Le Mani sulla citta (1963)

16
Italialaisen 60-70-lukujen poliittisen elokuvan
keskeisiä piirteitä
  • Vallankumouksellinen poliittinen ja sosiaalinen
    sisältö
  • Yksilön kokemuksen ja vastuun korostaminen
  • Suhteellinen fragmentaarisuus, juonen avoimuus
  • Elokuvan rakenne on osa sen radikaalia sanomaa
  • Teemoja korruptio, kolonialismi, riisto,
    vallankumous
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