Fact Sheet

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Fact Sheet 11CAFO Requirementsfor Dairy
Barnyards

• By Peter Wright, Cornell University

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CAFO Rules

• Dairy farms with 200 or more cows
• OR with 300 or more heifers
• MAY need an NPDES.
• See CAFO Fact Sheet 2 Do I Need an NPDES
  Permit for My Livestock or Poultry Operation?

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Production Areas

• Includes the animal confinement areas (barnyard),
  the manure storage area, the raw material storage
  area, and the waste containment area
• No discharge of manure or process wastewater

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No Discharge

• Unless rainfall exceeds a 25-year, 24-hour storm
  AND the barnyard is designed to handle the
  stormAND the CAFO criteria are met
• Inspection
• Monitoring
• Record keeping
• Mortality disposal

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25-Year, 24-Hour Rainfall
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Pasture or Barnyard?

• Pasture
• Not regulated
• Vegetation
• Includes laneways used to move animals to and
  from the pasture

• Barnyard
• Regulated
• Bare spots
• Includes areas the animals congregate in

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Can the Barnyard be

• Eliminated?
• Reduced?
• Moved?

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Barnyard Sizes, Ft2
From Beef Housing and Equipment Handbook.
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Keep the Clean Water Clean

• Divert surface water
• Diversions
• Land grading
• Roof water
• Drip trench
• Roof gutters

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Catch the Runoff

• Shape the barnyard.
• Use curbs.
• Use storage ponds.

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Treat the Runoff

• Applied agronomically
• See CAFO Fact Sheet 20 What is Required in a
  Nutrient Management Plan?
• Vegetated filter area
• Constructed wetland

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Where to Go for Help

• Agricultural engineers
• Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
• Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCD)
• Cooperative Extension

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Is Cost Sharing Available?

• USDA-NRCS EQIP funds
• See CAFO Fact Sheet 40 Financial and Technical
  Assistance Available to CAFO Owners/Operators.
• State cost sharing?
• Environmental organizations?

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Author
Peter Wright, a Manure Management Specialist,
PRO-DAIRY at Cornell University, can be reached
at pew2_at_cornell.edu.
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Reviewers

• The author wishes to thank Dana Chapman,
  Agricultural Consulting Service Lee Telega,
  PRO-DAIRY and Alyssa Dodd , Penn State
  University, for their review of this fact sheet.

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For More Information
Environmental Regulations Related ResourcesEPA
CAFO Phone Line202-564-0766 http//www.epa.gov/np
des/caforule/To obtain copy of
regulations http//www.epa.gov/npdes/afo/statecont
acts/To obtain state environmental agency
contacts http//www.epa.gov/agriculture/animals.ht
ml/To obtain compliance assistance information
from EPA http//cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/contacts.cfm?p
rogram_id7typeREGION/To obtain EPA Region
Animal Feeding Operation contacts
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For More Information (cont'd)

• Land-Grant University Resources
• The local contact for your land-grant university
  Cooperative Extension program is listed in the
  phone book under "Cooperative Extension" or
  "(county name) County Cooperative Extension."
• http//www.reeusda.gov/1700/statepartners/usa.htm/
  To obtain state Cooperative Extension contacts
• http//www.lpes/To view the Livestock and
  Poultry Environ-mental Stewardship (LPES)
  curriculum resources

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For More Information (cont'd)

• USDA Farm Bill Resources
• To obtain more information about the Farm Bill
  2002, see the USDA-NRCS website at the following
  URL http//www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/farmbill/20
  02/.
• You can also contact your local USDA Service
  Center, listed in the phone book under "U.S.
  Department of Agriculture," or your local
  conservation district.

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Funding

• This material is based upon work supported by
  the Cooperative State Research, Education, and
  Extension Service, U.S. Department of
  Agriculture the U.S. Environmental Protection
  Agency, the National Agriculture Assistance
  Center and the University of Nebraska
  Cooperative Extension, University of
  Nebraska-Lincoln, under Cooperative Agreement
  Number 97-EXCA-3-0642.