Bacterial Survey

1
Bacterial Survey

• Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
• Vol 1 Gram negatives
• Vol 2 Gram positives
• Vol 3 Cyanos, Archaebacteria, other G s
• Vol 4 - Actinomycetes

2
Vol 1 distinguishes 11 groups of Gram negatives
based on

• Morphology
• Motility
• Mechanism of motility
• O2 relationship
• /- cell wall
• Parasitic requirement

3
1) Spirochetes includes many species 3
important pathogens

• Helical w/ axial filament
• Ubiquitous in nature
• Pathogens include
• Treponema
• Borrelia
• Leptospira
• Many symbionts form mutualistic associations
• Hindguts of termites
• Digestive tracts of mollusks
• Oral cavities of animals

4
Spirochetes a) Treponema
Primary stage

• Rich history
• Treponematosis venereal and non-venereal forms
• Syphilis
• Bejel, Yaws
• Syphilis either progresses through a series of
  stages to debilitation/death or terminates
  (self-limited)
• Transmission via
• Sexual contact
• Casual contact
• Congenital contact

Secondary stage
Tertiary stage
5
Syphilis Occurrence, tests and treatment

• 50,00 cases/yr (CDC)
• Tests
• 1º stage microscopic exam
• 2º stage serological (VDRL.RPR)
• ELISA using VDRL antigen specific for IgG/IgM
• Treatment
• Benzathine penicillin
• Doxycycline/tetracycline
• Azithromycin

6
Spirochetes b) Borrelia
Primary stage

• Zoonosis white-tailed deer and deer mouse
  reservoir
• Tick vector
• 1º stage bulls eye rash flu-like symptoms
• 2º stage arthritis persistent fatigue

vector
Secondary stage
7
Lyme disease Occurrence, tests and treatment

• 10,000 cases/yr (CDC)
• ELISA test
• Tetracycline, Azithromycin, chloramphenicol
• Prevention centered on insect vector
• Check skin periodically
• DEET

8
Tick removal
9
Spirochetes c) Leptospira

• Occupational disease of workers in contact with
  animal urine
• Poor sanitary conditions
• Outdoor enthusiasts
• Exposure through cuts, mucous membrane, ingestion
• Two phases of symptoms
• Initially, Flu-like
• Later involvement of liver/kidneys