Hydrogen Fuel Standards

1
Hydrogen Fuel Standards

• Division of Measurement Standards
• 6790 Florin Perkins Road, Suite 100
• Sacramento, CA 95828
• 916 229-3000

2
Hydrogen Fuel Specifications

• Who is the Division of Measurement Standards?
• The State agency required by law to establish and
  enforce the quality standards for engine fuels,
  motor oils, gear oils, transmission fluids, brake
  fluids, and engine coolants. Also, the
  advertising and labeling of those products.
• These standards are generally adopted by
  regulation and are those established by consensus
  standards writing organizations such as ASTM or
  SAE if a standard exists. An interim standard
  may be adopted until a consensus standard is
  developed.
• The Division has had this responsibility since
  1931.
• Non-compliant products are removed from sale and
  criminal penalties are imposed on violators.

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Hydrogen Fuel Specifications

• Why is the Division of Measurement Standards
  involved in hydrogen fuel specifications?
• Senate Bill 76 (2005) placed the responsibility
  in the Business and
• Professions Code (BPC) for the Department of
  Food and Agriculture,
• Division of Measurement Standards (DMS) to adopt
  specifications
• for hydrogen fuel.
• BPC, Division 5, Chapter 14, Section 13446.
  STANDARDS ADOPTION
• On or before January 1, 2008, the department,
  with the concurrence of the State
• Air Resources Board, shall establish
  specifications for hydrogen fuels for use in
  internal
• combustion engines and fuel cells in motor
  vehicles until a standards development
• organization accredited by the American National
  Standards Institute (ANSI) formally
• adopts standards for hydrogen fuels for use in
  internal combustion engines and fuel cells in
• motor vehicles. The department shall then adopt
  by reference the latest standards
• established by the ANSI-accredited standards
  development organization for hydrogen fuel
• for use in internal combustion engines and fuel
  cells in motor vehicles, except that no
• specification or standard shall be less
  stringent than is required by state law.

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Hydrogen Fuel Specifications

• How will DMS accomplish the adoption of hydrogen
  fuel standards?
• DMS has contracted with CARB, for funding, to
  hire a chemist, whose job is to work with the
  industry to develop and adopt the interim
  specifications for hydrogen fuel in California by
  January 1, 2008.

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Hydrogen Fuel Specifications

• Currently, there is no U.S. or International
  standard that specifies what quality of hydrogen
  fuel is acceptable for internal combustion or
  fuel cell vehicles.
• Several groups are involved in the issue of
  hydrogen purity and its impact on fuel cells
• ASTM D 03
• SAE
• ISO
• CARB

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Hydrogen Fuel Specifications

• Other groups involved in the production/delivery/s
  torage aspect include
• USDOT
• OSHA
• CGA
• ASME
• NFPA

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Hydrogen Fuel Specifications

• Current ASTM D 03.14 workgroups
• WK5847 Standard Practice for Sampling of High
  Pressure Hydrogen and Related Fuel Cell Feed
  Gases
• WK5848 Standard Test Method for Determination
  of Trace Contaminants in Hydrogen and Related
  Fuel Cell Feed Gases
• WK6527 Standard Test Method for Selective
  Electrode (ISE) Determination of Ammonia Hydrogen
  and Other Fuel Cell Feed Gases
• WK6624 Standard Test Method for Determination
  of Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyl Compounds in
  Hydrogen and Other Fuel Cell Feed Gases
• WK8150 Standard Test Method for Determination
  of Ammonia in Hydrogen and Other Gaseous Fuels by
  Gas Chromatography and Nitrogen Chemiluminescence
  Detection
• WK9211 Standard Test Method Ion Chromatography
  Based Determination of Cations in Hydrogen and
  Other Fuel Cell Feed Gases
• WK9688 Standard Test Method for Determination
  and Sampling of Particulate Matter in High
  Pressure Hydrogen used as a Gaseous Fuel with an
  In-Stream Filter
• WK10196 Standard Test Method for Determination
  of Ammonia and Trace Water in Hydrogen and Other
  Gaseous Fuels by Infrared Spectroscopy

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Hydrogen Fuel Specifications

• Current SAE work
• SAE J2719 Information Report on the Development
  of a Hydrogen Quality Guideline for Fuel Cell
  Vehicles. Issued November 2005
• Provides interim background information and an
  interim specification of hydrogen fuel quality
  for commercial proton exchange membrane (PEM)
  fuel cell vehicles and recognizes the following
  Hydrogen Fuel Quality Specification Guideline
• Hydrogen - gt99.99
• Water 5 umol/mole
• Total hydrocarbons 2 umol/mole
• Oxygen 5 umol/mole
• Helium, Nitrogen, Argon 100 umol/mole
• Carbon dioxide 1 umol/mole
• Carbon monoxide 0.2 umol/mole
• Total sulfur 0.004 umol/mole
• Formaldehyde 0.01 umol/mole
• Formic acid 0.2 umol/mole
• Ammonia 0.1 umol/mole
• Total halogenates 0.05 umol/mole
• Maximum particulate size - lt10um
• Particulate concentration 1ug/l

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Hydrogen Fuel Specifications

• Current ISO TC197/WG12 H2 Fuel Product
• Specification Working Group
• Hydrogen Fuel Quality Specification Guideline
• Hydrogen - gt99.99
• Water 5 umol/mole
• Total hydrocarbons 2 umol/mole
• Oxygen 5 umol/mole
• Helium, Nitrogen, Argon 100 umol/mole
• Carbon dioxide 2 umol/mole
• Carbon monoxide 0.2 umol/mole
• Total sulfur 0.004 umol/mole
• Formaldehyde 0.01 umol/mole
• Formic acid 0.2 umol/mole
• Ammonia 0.1 umol/mole
• Total halogenates 0.05 umol/mole
• Maximum particulate size - lt10um

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Hydrogen Fuel Specifications

• Current CARB Standards
• CA Code of Regs., Title 13, Division 3, Chapter
  5, Article 3
• Specifications for Alternative Motor Vehicles
  Fuels (1994)
• Hydrogen 98.0 mole minimum
• Combined hydrogen, water, oxygen, an nitrogen
  98.0 mole minimum
• Total hydrocarbons 0.01 mole maximum
• Particulate matter shall not contain dust,
  sand, dirt, gums, oils or other substances in an
  amount sufficient to be injurious to the fueling
  equipment or vehicle.
• Odorant gaseous hydrogen fuel, at ambient
  temperature, must have a distinctive odor potent
  enough to detect its presence down to a
  concentration in air of not over 1/5 of the lower
  flammability limit.

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Hydrogen Fuel Specifications

• DMS considerations for a development of a
  standard
• Test methods available to identify impurities
• Sampling methods for hydrogen fuel
• Levels of impurities that may impact fuel cells
  and internal combustion engines
• Sources of impurities in production,
  distribution, storage and handling and the costs
  to minimize the impurities
• Hydrogen storage and delivery systems

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Hydrogen Fuel Specifications

• Types of Impurities to Consider
• Constituents the components of a hydrogen fuel
  mixture
• Contaminants impurities that will adversely
  affect the fuel cell or fuel storage system
• Diluents impurities that reduce the hydrogen
  concentration. May be a contaminant or a inert
  substance

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Hydrogen Fuel Specifications

• Contaminants include
• Water
• Oxygen
• Carbon dioxide
• Carbon monoxide
• Sulfur compounds
• Formaldehyde
• Formic acid
• Ammonia
• Halogenates
• Hydrocarbons

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Hydrogen Fuel Specifications

• DMS seeks your input and assistance in
• order to develop and adopt a standard for
• hydrogen fuel that will
• Protect the motorist and their vehicles
• Provide a standard that is able to be met by the
  producers and satisfies the component
  manufacturers
• Is not overly restrictive so that it is cost
  prohibitive to produce hydrogen fuel
• Is a standard that can be enforced by DMS

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Hydrogen Fuel Specifications

• Division of Measurement Standards Contact
  Information
• John Mough, Chemist
• 6790 Florin Perkins Road, Suite 100
• Sacramento, CA 95828
• 916 229-3054
• 916 229-3064 FAX
• jmough_at_cdfa.ca.gov
• David Lazier, Chief
• 6790 Florin Perkins Road, Suite 100
• Sacramento, CA 95828
• 916 229-3044
• 916 229-3064 FAX
• dlazier_at_cdfa.ca.gov